Test 1

Question 1

What is Sociology?

Answer 1

The scientific study of human social activity and social institutions

Question 2

What is society?

Answer 2

people living in an ordered community.

Question 3

Social marginality?

Answer 3

The feeling of being an outsider. (immigrants, disability, etc)

Question 4

The significance of the industrial revolution?

Answer 4

Science begins to take a large role in how people operate.

Question 5

what is positivism?

Answer 5

Using science to understand our world.

Question 6

What is the looking glass self?

Answer 6

I see myself as I believe others see me.

Question 7

What is the manifest, latent functions and dysfunctions of structural functionalism?

Answer 7

Manifest- Obvious, intended.
Latent- Not obvious, unintended
Dysfunction- Negative

Question 8

What is the idea of dramaturgy?

Answer 8

Front stage: Impression management, Back stage: the real you.

Question 9

Microsociology and macrosociology?

Answer 9

Macro: large scale patterns. Functionalism/Social conflict.
Micro: Small scale patterns. Interactionism.

Question 10

Emile Durkeim’s suicide study. Why is this study significant? (oer)

Answer 10

Emile Durkheim conducted the first scientific study in sociology determining high and low risk groups
for suicide. This showed that sociology was a legitimate science. The research showed that those who
are isolated or more likely to be isolated (i.e. men, single, wealthy) are at a higher risk than those who
are not isolated (i.e. women, poor, catholic, Jewish). This is still valid to this day (not much has changed).

Question 11

Why did the conflict perspective gain popularity in the 1960’s? (oer)

Answer 11

Because of the Civil Rights Movement, Vietnam War, and assassinations on JFK, Robert F.K., M.L.K.,
Malcolm X.

Question 12

Discuss the contributions of Auguste Comte? (oer)

Answer 12

Auguste Comte was the first to propose a scientific study of society. He is considered the father of
sociology.

Question 13

Explain what is meant by mills sociological imagination. Why is this improtant? (oer)

Answer 13

Sociological Imagination is personal troubles vs. societal Issues. It has become a corner stone in
sociology. It captures the spirit of inquiry, the quality of mind, and the guiding principles that all
sociologists should embrace.

Question 14

What is the assumption of structural funtionalism? Social Conflict? Symbolic Interactionism?

Answer 14

Structural function- Society is made up of parts (social institutions) that work together to promote
stability.
Social Conflict- Society is made up of groups that are in competition with one another for resources
(power, opportunity, etc)
Symbolic Interactionism- a paradigm that sees interaction and meaning as central to society and
assumes that meanings are not inherent but are created through interaction.

Question 15

Pure vs applied research? Examples?

Answer 15

Pure research: Contributing information to a field of study: Emile’s Suicide study
Evaluation Research: Study of an existing program to see if it is effective: D.A.R.E. was found to be costly.

Question 16

What are the two research methods?

Answer 16

Survey, Secondary Analysis

Question 17

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 17

The change in behavior of subjects due to the knowledge of being observed.

Question 18

Ethics in research?

Answer 18

Dont violate subjects privacy, no harm.

Question 19

What are the limitations of scientific sociology? (oer)

Answer 19

Its hard to predict human behavior and repeat-ability

Question 20

What are the limitations of experiments? Surveys? Participant observation? Secondary analysis? (oer)

Answer 20

Experiments- Need to be measured in a controlled setting, Not effective for complex
interactions
Surveys- Lacks qualative data, weak validity, problems with sampling process (biased pools),
often used to make a claim or support a point of view rather than scientific discovery
Participant observation- Replicability, Bias, representativeness
Secondary Analysis- seek answer to data you may not have, misinterpretation

Question 21

Why was Tea Room Trade so controversial? Do you feel that the response to humphreys was warranted or was it an overreaction? (oer)

Answer 21

Although the tea room study helped decrease police involvement for the gay community it came
at the cost of total invasion of a subjects privacy. The same result may have been achieved by
having open disclosure of the goal although it may have taken more time.

Question 22

Why is it important to replicate research? (oer)

Answer 22

How can successful research be guaranteed?
Research results may change over time and results could change do to events or advancements
of understanding. Replication must follow the process of evaluation of the pre-existing research.

Question 23

Why is it important to think critically about statistics? what is meant by a “bad” statistic? (oer)

Answer 23

A bad
statistic is a report given where the wording may not achieve the clarification intended.
Statistics have to be criticized due to the biased or inaccuracies that may entail them due to the
party doing the research, or how the statistic is used.

Question 24

Culture-

Answer 24

Traditions, norms, and values.

Question 25

Culture universals?

Answer 25

Music, sports, funerals, etc.

Question 26

Cultural lag-

Answer 26

Changing in technology

Question 27

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?

Answer 27

the structure of a language determines a native speaker’s perception and categorization of experience.

Question 28

Sanctions (norms)?

Answer 28

Responses to behavior

Question 29

Sub culture and counter culture ex:?

Answer 29

Lifystyle, hobbies.

KKK

Question 30

What types of norms exist?

Answer 30

Folkways- everyday behavior with little significance. Mores-Great social significance (laws).
Taboos- Powerful emotional reaction of disgust.

Question 31

What is the difference between cultural relativism and ethnocentrism?

Answer 31

Cultural relativism is the analysis on a person’s values and beliefs based on his own culture. Ethnocentrism is
the analysis based on the standards of the analysist’s culture.

Question 32

Socialization:

Answer 32

The lifelong process in which culture is transmitted to the individual.

Question 33

Agents of socialization?

Answer 33

Family, School, Peers, Workplace, Mass media

Question 34

Dual socialization?

Answer 34

Ideal: How it should be;
Real: How it actually is.

Question 35

Nature vs nurture in relation to the genie and john joan case: (oer)

Answer 35

By limiting social interaction in
the genie case the child lacked core components that helped her function in a modern society
such as holding a conversation or complex thought. The John joan case showed that the subject
maintained some degree of habits that were “naturally” ingrained despite trying to change the
fact that she was born as a man.

Question 36

Piaget’s process of cognitive development? (oer)

Answer 36

o Sensorimotor (0-2) – Senses, Egocentric.
o Preoperational (2-7) - Language, Symbols.
o Concrete operations (7-11) Understand the big picture.
o Formal operational (11-onward) – Abstract ideas.

Question 37

Meads theory of the social self? (oer)

Answer 37

Awareness of existence in society.
I: blank slate
Me: societal influence such as language values and norms.

Question 38

Impact of mass media on socialization? (oer)

Answer 38

Helped spread information on a world basis. Social

norms start to become global norms.

Question 39

Explain the process involved in resocialization? Where does resocialization occur? (oer)

Answer 39

Break

down the old self and build up the new. Occurs in environments such as psych wards.