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GEOG 1403 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Biogeography Def

A

relationship b/w landscape/natural patterns and processes that create/modify them

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2
Q

Three Fundamental processes of interest

A

Dispersal, Extinction, Evolution

all linked

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3
Q

Latitude

A

Angular measure from center of earth to surface

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4
Q

3 main influences on latitudinal patterns

A
  • amount of sun that hits surface (atmosphere)
  • sphericity
  • axial tilt
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5
Q

Incoming solar radiation

A

short wave

most @ equator

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6
Q

Outgoing radiation

A

long wave energy (heat)

about equal everywhere

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7
Q

Albedo def and value and general idea

A

surface reflection/ability to absorb - 30%

lose a lot of energy early on

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8
Q

Subsolar point

A

rays perpendicular to surface - higher intensity

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9
Q

why does energy decrease as latitude increases?

A

sphericity

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10
Q

23.5 degrees N

A

Tropic of Cancer

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11
Q

23.5 degrees S

A

Tropic of Capricorn

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12
Q

Vernal Equinox

A

Spring
3/21

Sun @ equator

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13
Q

Winter Solstice

A

Winter 12/21

Sun @ tropic of capricorn

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14
Q

Autumnal Equinox

A

fall 9/21

Sun @ equator

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15
Q

Summer Solstice

A

Summer 6/21

Sun @ Tropic of Cancer

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16
Q

Above/Below 66.5 there are periods of time where

A

there is no sun

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17
Q

Arctic Circle

A

66.5N

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18
Q

Antarctic Circle

A

66.5S

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19
Q

Is tilt totally stable?

A

No, but it is imperceptible

Cycle length 41,000 yrs

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20
Q

Precession of the Equinoxes

A

Timing of when earth is near/far from sun

cycle length 28,000 yrs

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21
Q

Aphelion

A

earth’s orbit farthest from sun

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22
Q

Perihelion

A

earth’s orbit closest to the sun

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23
Q

Orbital Eccentricity

A

Shape of Orbit

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24
Q

What factors would contribute to earth’s mass cooling?

A

max tilt, aphelion/perihelion coincide w/ summer, shape of orbit more elliptical

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25
Q

Factors that modify surface temp @ smaller scales than latitude

A

Elevation
Continentality
Clouds
Ocean Currents

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26
Q

Why does higher elevation have lower temps?

A

w/ gravity fewer molecules -> fewer collisions -> lower temps

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27
Q

Why are temp conditions more extreme on land?

A

Land warms/cools rapidly compared to large bodies of water

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28
Q

Clouds affect on temp?

A

Reflective Energy & trap long wave outgoing

–> lower daily temp and warmer night

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29
Q

Northern air curves…

A

right

30
Q

Southern air curves…

A

left

31
Q

ITCZ

A

Intertropical Convergence Zone

32
Q

Draw earth’s general circulation

A

do it ho

33
Q

Low pressure creates what type of climate

A

wet

34
Q

High pressure creates what type of climate

A

dry

35
Q

Is atmosphere thicker or thinner @ equator?

A

Thicker

36
Q

Subsidence

A

Sinking Air

37
Q

What % energy is transferred to next trophic level?

A

10%

38
Q

Autotroph

A

coverts solar energy

39
Q

Vapor Pressure

A

pressure exerted by water vapor molecules in a given volume of air

40
Q

Saturation Vapor Pressure

A

Max amount of water vapor

41
Q

Relative Humidity

A

actual vapor pressure/saturation vapor pressure

42
Q

Warm air holds __ water vapor

A

more

43
Q

cold air holds __ water vapor

A

less

44
Q

Lapse rate

A

rate @ which air warms/cools as it moves in atmosphere

45
Q

Dry Lapse Rate

A

10 degrees/1000m - unsaturated air

46
Q

Moist Lapse Rate

A

6 degrees / 1000m - saturated air

47
Q

Evaporation ___ energy and is a ___ process

A

removes, cooling

48
Q

Condensation ___ energy and is a ___ process

A

adds, warming

49
Q

What are the 4 things that cause air to rise?

A

Convection, convergence, frontal lifting, orographic uplift

50
Q

Convection

A

Ground heats ups air

Dry landscapes, equator

51
Q

Convergence

A

Void space where air rises and pushes air up faster

52
Q

Frontal lifting

A

warm air forced up when hits cold front

53
Q

orographic uplift

A

mountains push clouds up and cool so it rains and then dry air on other side

54
Q

Bergmann’s Rule

A

bigger farther away from equator

55
Q

Allen’s Rule

A

appendages smaller farther away from equator

56
Q

Gloger’s Rule

A

Color

57
Q

Biomass

A

Weight of carbon

58
Q

Carbon patterns

A

seasonality. uptake and release vary

59
Q

Of the energy absorbed by primary produces, what process does the majority go into? What does the smaller portion go into?

A

Respiration

Not primary productivity (-> growth)

60
Q

What does respiration do in plants?

A

maintain plant systems but doesn’t add biomass/growth

61
Q

Why do plants adapt?

A

CARBON GAIN

competition
scarcity
rainfall/precipitation
seasonality

62
Q

Evapotraspiration

A

transport of water into atmosphere from surfaces (soil and vegetation)

63
Q

why do plants evolve?

A

capture resources in short supply: water, light, nutrients

64
Q

What are the benefits of leaves to plants?

A

Power house

65
Q

Benefit of stems?

A

support, plumbing

66
Q

Benefit of roots?

A

water

67
Q

Biome

A

large terrestrial ecosystem (abundance of trees, shrubs, grasses)

68
Q

Deciduos

A

Lose leaves

69
Q

weather vs. climate

A

weather - immediate day to day

climate - general

70
Q

Major Factors Affecting Precipitation

A
  1. Latitude and Atmospheric Circulation
  2. Converging/Subsiding Air
  3. Frontal Lifting
  4. Orographic Lifting
71
Q

Major Factors Affecting Temp

A
  1. Insolation
  2. Elevation
  3. Continentality

GEOG 1403 (1 decks)

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