Test 1

Question 1

____ the greatest influence on propagation time (delay) across a single link.

Answer 1

Distance does

Question 2

Using the analogy that represents a network link as a pipe, which characteristic of the link relates to the diameter of the pipe?

Answer 2

data rate (throughput)

Question 3

Name two organizations involved in the creation or approval of data communications

Answer 3

ISO, Department of Defense, internet

Question 4

Give one disadvantage of data communications standards.

Answer 4

If you have a great idea it will not matter if organizations don’t adop it as a protocol

Question 5

This Layer is present in the Internet Model but NOT present in the OSI Model.

Answer 5

Internet(IP)

Question 6

Which currently accounts for the largest volume of Internet traffic?

Answer 6

video streamning

Question 7

Describe the difference between synchronous and statistical time division multiplexing.

Answer 7

Synchronous multiplexing allots a fixed time slot to fixed nodes
if a computer has nothing to say, the time slot will be wasted.
statistical time division multiplexing will not waste slots, if one machine has nothing to say then the other nodes with something to say will get a bigger time slot.

Question 8

Give one of the two definitions of connectivity

Answer 8

One is the ability to communicate.

The second refers to the quality of communication.

Question 9

The Internet and most computer networks are based on the principle of ___

Answer 9

Packet switching

Question 10

what is a computer network?

Answer 10

”a bunch of computers connected together”

Question 11

What is scaleability

Answer 11

The ability to grow gracefully With out having to do major redesign or replacement.

Question 12

What are conventional computers referred as in a network?

Answer 12

nodes

Question 13

A connection between two nodes is called a ____ ?

Answer 13

link

Question 14

The conduit that provides the link between nodes is called a ____

Answer 14

medium

Question 15

True or false, you can have a link even where no physical cable exists.

Answer 15

True by use of radio signals to create a wireless link.

Question 16

A link between two nodes is called a ___ to ___

Answer 16

Point to point

Question 17

A link between more than two nodes is a _______

Answer 17

Multiple access or multipoint link

Question 18

The number of two way point to point links (L) needed to provide directconnectivity between n nodes is:

Answer 18

L = n(n-1)/2

Question 19

In a switched environment, the computers or other devices connected to the network are called _____

Answer 19

external nodes or “hosts”

Question 20

The specialized computers which perform switching within a network are called ____

Answer 20

Internal nodes or “switches”

Question 21

Packet switched networks use a ___ and ____ process to relay ______ From one node to the next until the message is delivered.

Answer 21

store and forward. Packets

Question 22

Traditional circuit-switched netwoks established a ___ to ___ circuit before communicating.

Answer 22

End to end

Question 23

The original sender of a package is referred to as the ____

Answer 23

Source

Question 24

The ultimate recipient of a packet is called the ___

Answer 24

Receiver or the sink

Question 25

the Internet and all of the computer networks that are connected to I use some variation of _____ _____

Answer 25

Packet switching

Question 26

These specialized computers connect networks together to form internets

Answer 26

Routers

Question 27

Routers are also know as

Answer 27

Gateways

Question 28

_____ connect networks to other networks

Answer 28

Routers

Question 29

These connect nodes within a single network

Answer 29

Switches

Question 30

The process of guiding packets across networks to the final destination is called ___

Answer 30

Forwarding or routing

Question 31

A computer network is the _______ that provides communication between computers

Answer 31

Infrastructure

Question 32

What does WAN stand for?

Answer 32

Wide area netwok

Question 33

What does LAN

Answer 33

Local area nerwork

Question 34

What is the lower case internet

Answer 34

Group of interconnected networks

Question 35

What is upper case Internet

Answer 35

The global Internet that connects everyone

Question 36

a single network is referred to as

Answer 36

Physical network or subnet

Question 37

Categories of addresses, the recipient is a single node

Answer 37

Unicast

Question 38

Categories of addresses, received by ALL the nodes on the network

Answer 38

Broadcast

Question 39

Categories of addresses, received by a subset of nodes on the network

Answer 39

Multicast

Question 40

The process of sharing a communication link is ___

Answer 40

Multiplexing

Question 41

The individual conversations going on between different pairs of computers are called ____

Answer 41

Flows

Question 42

Flows are multiplexed into a series of ____

Answer 42

Frames

Question 43

Synchronous time division multiplexing allocates ______ time slots, whether or not they are used for a given flow as a result it is _____

Answer 43

fixed , Inflexible

Question 44

Frequency division multiplexing divides the link up into ____ channels

Answer 44

parallel

Question 45

In frequency division multiplexing each flow has its own ____ This allows continuous flow of data

Answer 45

Channel

Question 46

Statistical time division multiplexing the time slot that each individual flow receives is based on _____

Answer 46

Demand

Question 47

Internet communication is based on _____

Answer 47

Statistical multiplexing

Question 48

A _____is a chunk of data with some control information attached to the front of it

Answer 48

Packet

Question 49

What is the first principle of network design?

Answer 49

No undetected errors

Question 50

the description of the services that a given layer provides is called a networ_____

Answer 50

Protocol

Question 51

layered networks systems are called _____

Answer 51

Stacks

Question 52

A set of governing communication between computers is called data communication ____

Answer 52

Protocol

Question 53

_____ standardize the way that computers communicate

Answer 53

protocols

Question 54

A standard that defines how a particular layer operates is called a _____. _____

Answer 54

Protocol specification

Question 55

The actual system that implements the protocol specification in hardware or software is called a _____

Answer 55

Protocol implementation

Question 56

A service interface is a set of ______ That describe how a protocol obtains services from the layer below.

Answer 56

Definitions

Question 57

A peer to peer interface is a ____ _____ for a data sctructure. It defines the messages that the two peer to peer layer implementations will exchange

Answer 57

Data definition

Question 58

A peer to peer interface is defined through a ____ (_____) structure and is actually implemented by using the service interface provided by the layer below

Answer 58

Data (message)

Question 59

Layers are always numbered from the ____ ___

Answer 59

Bottom up

Question 60

To have communication between two computers, we must have implementations of the same ___ at both ends of the connection

Answer 60

layers

Question 61

A protocol specification might include definitions for a ___ procedure and a _____ procedure

Answer 61

send , receive

Question 62

the service interface define a set of protocol operations that specify ____

Answer 62

actions

Question 63

peer to peer interface defines a ____ structure and is accessed by using the service interface provided by the layer below it

Answer 63

message

Question 64

a ______ ______ is a high level diagram that describes a network architecture

Answer 64

protocol graph

Question 65

as a message is passed from an application down through the protocol stack, each layer attaches some ____ _____ relevant to that layer to the front of the message

Answer 65

control information

Question 66

layer specific information created by the protocol stack is knows as a _____

Answer 66

header

Question 67

the second principle of network design is "Data originating in a given layer, along with that layer's header is viewed as _____ by the protocol layer below

Answer 67

data

Question 68

the recursive process of embedding the protocols stack's data inside the header is know as

Answer 68

encapsulation

Question 69

when a message arrives at the destination , it is passed ___ through the receiving protocol stack

Answer 69

up

Question 70

each layer reads the information in its own header, ______ that header and then _____ the remainder of the message (the data) up to the next higher layer

Answer 70

removes . delivers

Question 71

what is the 1st layer of the OSI Model

Answer 71

Physical

Question 72

what is the 2nd layer of the OSI Model

Answer 72

Data

Question 73

what is the 3rd layer of the OSI Model

Answer 73

Network

Question 74

what is the 4th layer of the OSI Model

Answer 74

Transport

Question 75

what is the 5th layer of the OSI Model

Answer 75

Session

Question 76

what is the 6th layer of the OSI Model

Answer 76

Presentation

Question 77

what is the 7th layer of the OSI Model

Answer 77

Application

Question 78

What does the Physical layer do?

Answer 78

describes the hardware that transfers the signal across some medium

Question 79

What does the Data layer do?

Answer 79

responsible for data transfer across a single link (between two directly-connected nodes) Organizes the bits into a peer to peer interface data structure called a frame

Question 80

What does the Network Layer do?

Answer 80

Handles swiching over a single network, | its the lowest layer with end to end perspective and is its peer to peer interface is called a packet.

Question 81

What does the Transport Layer do?

Answer 81

handles the process to process channel function. | adds reliability and connection management. lowest hardware independent layer in OSI model

Question 82

What does the Session Layer do?

Answer 82

provides additional reliability for application to application sessions.

Question 83

What does the Presentation Layer do?

Answer 83

Concerned with the formatting of data during transmission and the presentation of that data to the user includes character set standards (ASCII and unicode)

Question 84

What does the Application Layer do?

Answer 84

Provides standard network services to applications web access email etc

Question 85

what are the 4 layers of the internet model in order?

Answer 85

Network interface layer Internet Layer transport layer Application layer

Question 86

What does the Network interface layer do in the TCP/IP model

Answer 86

includes all the underlying hardware and everything that is specific to a particular type of network

Question 87

What does the internet layer do in the TCP/IP model

Answer 87

this layer handles the end to end routing of packets between different networks or in other words routing over the internet also connects dissimilar types of networks

Question 88

What does the transport layer do in the TCP/IP model

Answer 88

provides a logical process to process channel that allows applications on both ends of a connection to find each other using a demux key called a port number ads reliability since IP doesn't provide any TCP UDP transmission control protocol user datagram protocol

Question 89

What does the application layer do in the TCP/IP model

Answer 89

unlike OSI, represents actual network applications and the standards that define them.

Question 90

calculate transmission time =

Answer 90

message size /data rate

Question 91

propagation time =

Answer 91

distance / speed of medium