Test 1

Question 1

Human Dimension of Wildlife Management?

Answer 1

How people value wildlife, how they want wildlife managed and how they affect or are affected by wildlife and wildlife management

Question 2

Events that lead to wildlife protection

Answer 2

• fur trade bye beaver
• bison to the brink of extinction
• extibction of passenger pigeon

Question 3

HDW lead to 2 major developments:

Answer 3

• national parks

- north american model of wildlife conservation

Question 4

After the 2nd world war

Answer 4

• interest in outdoor recreation and nature rapidly accelerated
• expansion of recreational hunting lead to the restoration of wildlife species
• wildlife management grew as a discipline

Question 5

Human Dimension issue: urbanization

Answer 5

• human-wildlife conflict
• ecotourism
• illegal harvest and trade
• co-management

Question 6

Human dimension issue: multiple voices being legitimized

Answer 6

• experts to transactional planning

- active participation

Question 7

Human dimensions issue: climate change

Answer 7

• invasive species
• wildfire
• pest infestations

Question 8

Human dimensions issue: water and energy development

Answer 8

• consumption of more land

- need to mitigate

Question 9

3 trends to likely impact current and future outdoor participation rates:

Answer 9

• population growth and urbanization
• changing racial and ethnic composition
• constraints on participation

Question 10

Population growth and urbanization

Answer 10

• housing development must compete with other land uses ie) agriculture
• urbanization and loss of habitat have affected places to recreate

Question 11

Social and demographic trends

Answer 11

• limited supply of land requires working with stakeholders
• newcomers and seasonal homeowners becoming more involved in issues with wildlife management and preservation
• most migration is to urban areas opportunities to engage in wildlife related activities are often limited

Question 12

Constraints to outdoor participation

Answer 12

• time
• cost
• work
• access
• health

Question 13

Minority groups and outdoor recreation

Answer 13

• regard outdoor recreation as culturally irrelevant
• more likely to have lower education and lower income
• may have experienced prejudice and discrimination

Question 14

Global patterns of similarities in human values towards wildlife important implementations

Answer 14

• management of migratory species
• cross cultural collaboration increasingly necessary in combating global environmental problems
• most difficult issues are where basic values conflict

Question 15

Biophilia

Answer 15

• a strong biologically fashioned human connection to animals
• beyond doubt that our gentic makeup has been influenced by our interactions with nature

Question 16

Biophobia

Answer 16

• Where people are presented with images of threatening stimuli such as snakes and spiders
• wildlife automatically draws human attention because of the evolutionary advantage posed by signaling safety or danger

Question 17

Anthropomorphism

Answer 17

The tendency to project human characteristics on nonhuman animals

Question 18

Totenism

Answer 18

Where one’s existence is closely entwined with the natural environment- found in virtually all hunter gatherer societies
-belief they are descended from or related to a specific clan ie) bear clan

Question 19

Values

Answer 19

Consider behavioral theories that suggest that behavior is underlain by belief and affective responses (feeling states- good, bad, scary)
-values form slowly over many experiences and change very little over time

Question 20

Ideology

Answer 20

Considered broader and more inclusive concept that values -equated with worldview
-includes beliefs about stereotypes, principles of resource allocation, role prescriptions

Question 21

Value orientations

Answer 21

Captures the personality of a cultural group

Question 22

Shift in wildlife orientation

Answer 22

From domination to mutalism is occurring in NA, in part as a result of modernization