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Adult Development > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Accommodation

A

The ability of the lens of the eye to change focus from distant near objects

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2
Q

Actinic keratosis

A

A rough scaly patch on the skin that develops as a result of an exposure to the sun

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3
Q

Adaptive immune system

A

The thymus, spleen ,tonsils ,bone marrow ,circulatory system and lymphatic system

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4
Q

Agency

A

The capacity for human beings to make choices

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5
Q

Age related macular degeneration

A

A chronic eye disease that causes vision loss in the center of an individual’s field division. there are two types wet and dry

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6
Q

Analogue heading aid

A

Sound is processed as an electrical signal by a microphone they are expensive

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7
Q

Androgenetic alopecia

A

A common type of hair loss in men with a typical pattern of a receding hairline and hair thinning on the crown of the head

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8
Q

Anosmia

A

Loss of the sense of smell

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9
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries

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10
Q

Baby boomers

A

1946-1965

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11
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

What type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells that are thought to be caused by long-term exposure to UV rays they are the least dangerous skin cancer

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12
Q

Caloric restriction

A

A strategy to increase longevity by reducing calories without malnutrition

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13
Q

Carotenoids

A

Plant pigments responsible for bright red yellow and orange shoes in many fruits and vegetables they are thought to provide health benefits by decreasing the risk of disease particularly certain cancers an eye disease

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14
Q

Cataract

A

Clouding of the crystalline lens of the eye

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15
Q

Cellular theories of aging

A

There is a propose that human aging is a result of cellular aging we’re by an increasing proportion of Cells reach senescence (divide till they die)

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16
Q

Collagen

A

A protein that provide strength and electricity to the skin bones Cartlidge and connective tissue

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17
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Hearing loss that occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer ear canal to the inner ear drum and the tiny bones in the middle ear

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18
Q

Congenital

A

Existing at or dating from birth

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19
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

When the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood oxygen and nutrients are inflamed

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20
Q

Cutaneous aging

A

Aging of the skin

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21
Q

Dark adaption

A

The ability of the people to adjust to changes in the amount of available eight through reflex people dilation and activation of rod cells in preference to the Cone

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22
Q

Dermis

A

The inner layer of the skin that was below the epidermis

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23
Q

Determinism

A

Presuming all events are completely determined by previously existing causes

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24
Q

Epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin

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25
Q

Error theories of aging

A

Theories that aging is due to environmental insults that result in progressive damage to living organisms the wear and tear theory and free radical theory are two examples

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26
Q

Extrinsic aging

A

Aging due to external factors such as exercise diet exposure to sunlight and smoking

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27
Q

Free radical theory of aging

A

Siri that organisms age because cells accumulate free radical damage over time

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28
Q

Glaucoma

A

A group of I conditions that damage to the optic nerve. This damage often is the result of an abnormally high pressure in the eye

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29
Q

Hayflick limit theory

A

Siri that the human cell is limited in the number of times I can divide which is about 50 times and then they stop dividing and die

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30
Q

Hormone replacement therapy

A

Therapy that involves treating symptoms of menopause with estrogen and progesterone

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31
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure greater than 140 MMHG

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32
Q

Hypodermis

A

Lies between the dermis and the underlying tissues and organs

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33
Q

Immunological memory

A

The ability of the moon system to respond more rapidly and effectively to a pathogen that has been countered previously

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34
Q

Innate immune system

A

The immune system that is present at birth and includes her skin the cough reflects mucous membranes and stomach acid

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35
Q

Insomnia

A

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in getting to sleep or in staying asleep

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36
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone that is important for metabolism and utilization of energy from then just the nutrients especially glucose

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37
Q

Intraocular pressure

A

Fluid pressure in the eye

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38
Q

Intrinsic aging

A

A form of aging that takes place over the years and occurs irrespective of extrinsic factors

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39
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box

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40
Q

Melanin

A

Natural substance produced by hair follicles that gives color to hair skin and eyes

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41
Q

Melanoma

A

The most serious type of skin cancer it develops in the skin that produces melanin exposure to UV radiation from sunlight or from tanning lights are bad increases the risk of developing melanoma

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42
Q

Normosmic

A

A normal sense of smell

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43
Q

Nosocomial infections

A

Hospital acquired infection

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44
Q

Oral hypoglycemic agents

A

Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes

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45
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

A disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue

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46
Q

Peripheral vascular diseases

A

Diseases of the blood vessels located outside the heart and brain

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47
Q

Pessaries

A

A plastic device inserted into the vagina that may help prevent urine leakage by supporting the neck of the bladder

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48
Q

Presbycusis

A

An age related hearing loss characterized by a gradual and progressive inability to hear particularly high frequency sounds

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49
Q

Presbyopia

A

The gradual loss of the ability to focus actively a nearby objects

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50
Q

Presbyphonia

A

Changes associated with the Aging voice

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51
Q

Prevalence

A

A statistical concept referring to the number of cases of a disease that are present in a particular population at a given time

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52
Q

Primary aging

A

The gradual and inevitable process of bodily deterioration that takes place real life

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53
Q

Programmed theories of aging

A

There is an aging is genetically programmed to occur with time and this process of deterioration eventually leads to death

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54
Q

Proprioception

A

Ability to sense the stimuli arising within the body regarding position motion and equilibrium

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55
Q

Retinoids

A

Vitamin a that minimizes the appearance of wrinkles. Makes the skin thicker, elasticity if skin thick’s, slows the breakdown of collagen

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56
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

A chronic inflammatory disorder that typically affects the small joints in the hands and feet

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57
Q

Secondary aging

A

Aging that results from diseases in poor health practices

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58
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

Hearing loss that occurs from damage to the inner ear and cochlea

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59
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

A common form of skin cancer that develops in the thin squamous cells and can become life-threatening

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60
Q

Stroke

A

A medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or severely reduce depriving the brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients

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61
Q

Taste buds

A

Sensory organs that are found on the tongue and allow us to experience taste better sweet salty sour bitter and umami

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62
Q

Valvular heart disease

A

What type of heart disease that occurs when one or more of the four valves of the heart do not work correctly

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63
Q

Wear and tear theory

A

A theory that argues that the effects of aging are caused by damage done to thousand body systems overtime

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64
Q

Ageism

A

Form of discrimination against older adults based on age alone

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65
Q

Biological age

A

Scription of a persons development based on the aging of various physical systems

66
Q

Centenarian

A

An individual who lives to be 100 to 110 years old

67
Q

Chronological

A

A number of years a person has lived

68
Q

Established immigrants

A

An individual who has been a permanent resident of Canada for more than 10 years

69
Q

Family class immigrants

A

Immigrants who are sponsored by their families to come to Canada

70
Q

For fertility replacement level

A

The average number of children born poor woman out which population exactly replaces it self from one generation to the next it is roughly 2.1 children

71
Q

Filial piety

A

A virtue have respect for one’s parents elders in ancestors

72
Q

First age

A

Youth the 20s

73
Q

Fourth age

A

75+

74
Q

Functional age

A

A measure of how well an individual can function in his or her environment

75
Q

G8 countries

A

industrial nations such as Canada France Germany Italy Japan and the UK and the United States and Russia

76
Q

Gerontology

A

The scientific study of aging

77
Q

Negative self stereotyping

A

When an older adult believes the negative stereotypes associated with aging and integrates these concepts into his or her self concept

78
Q

Non-normative influences

A

Random unexpected events that are unique to an individual

79
Q

Normative age graded influences

A

Normal age related changes that most people experience such as puberty and menopause

80
Q

Normative history graded influenced

A

Influences that experience by most people in a specific area or culture at the same time

81
Q

Primary aging

A

Normal disease-free development

82
Q

Psychological age

A

And attempt to understand development by having individual thinks reasons and acts independent of chronological age

83
Q

Recent immigrants

A

Individuals who have been a permanent resident of Canada for less than 10 years

84
Q

Second age

A

20s to 40s

85
Q

Secondary aging

A

The physical or cognitive changes that are related to lifestyle disease or injury and are not part of the normal aging process

86
Q

Social age

A

Measure of how well a person’s behavior fits with the norms or expectations that society has for a person of a particular age

87
Q

Stereotyped threat

A

Fear of being judged in accordance with a negative stereotype of the group you belong to

88
Q

Terror management theory

A

A theory that proposes a basic psychological conflict that results from having a desire to live but realizing that death is inevitable this conflict produces terror and is believed to be unique to human beings it explains why people engage in certain behaviors to reduce this conflict

89
Q

Tertiary aging

A

The rapid decrease in cognitive and functionality and ability in the years prior to death

90
Q

Third age

A

50 to 75

91
Q

Attrition

A

Occurs in research participants who have been recruited for a study that drop out

92
Q

Coercion

A

Threat of harm or punishment for failure to participate in research

93
Q

Cohorts

A

Groups of individuals within a given population who experience the same event within that time

94
Q

Cohort-sequential design

A

I research design consisting of two or more cross-sectional study is done at two different time periods

95
Q

Cross sectional design

A

Our research design or individuals of different ages are compared at a single point in time

96
Q

Cross-sequential designs

A

I research design that combines a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design

97
Q

External validity

A

Extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other people

98
Q

Internal validity

A

Effects observed in the research study are you due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not due to extraneous or confounding variable’s

99
Q

Proxy

A

A person who authorized to act on behalf of someone else

100
Q

Sequential design

A

A type of research design that involves a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional design and that follow several cohorts of different ages overtime

101
Q

Time of measurement effects

A

Difference is due to cultural historical environmental or other events at the time that the data was collected

102
Q

Time sequential design

A

I research design that compares two or more cross-sectional samples at two or more times of measurement

103
Q

Undue influence

A

Can occur my participants are recruited to participate in research by those who have some form of control over them

104
Q

Attention

A

The cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things

105
Q

Bilateralization

A

A term that refers to evidence that an older brains activations for cognitive tasks spread out to both hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex we are in the young activations are typically confined to a single hemisphere

106
Q

Cogntive capacity

A

The total cognitive resources available at any given time

107
Q

Central executive

A

A part of the working memory model that controls and coordinates the three other components of working memory

108
Q

Circumlocutions

A

A roundabout or indirect way of speaking do use of more words than necessary to express an idea

109
Q

Classic aging pattern

A

The developmental trend in which crystallized intelligence increases with age for fluid intelligence declines with age

110
Q

Cognitive domains

A

Attention memory perception language problem solving and creativity

111
Q

Cognitive epidemiology

A

I feel the research that investigates the relationship between intelligence and health

112
Q

Cognitive reserve

A

The idea that certain factors help to maintain cognitive functioning in the risk of accumulating brain pathology

113
Q

Commission errors

A

Errors that result from doing something wrong

114
Q

Compensation

A

An older adults activations for cognitive task spread out to both hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex where is in the Young they’re typically confined to a single hemisphere

115
Q

Computerized tomography

A

A Nuro imaging technique that creates detailed images of internal organs bone soft tissue and blood vessels

116
Q

Compensation related utilization of neural circuit hypothesis (crunch)

A

I’m not all that explains that other brands will work harder to search for available resources to use in particular cognitive tasks

117
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

And individuals accumulated skills knowledge and life experiences

118
Q

Diffusion tensor imaging

A

A neuro imaging technique that uses the diffusion of water molecules to determine the health of the white matter in the brain

119
Q

Echoic memory

A

A component of sensory memory that is specific to retaining auditory information

120
Q

Elaborating rehearsal

A

Linking new information to information that is already in long-term memory to assist in retention of that information

121
Q

Encoding

A

The initial process of getting information into the memory system for storage and later retrieval

122
Q

Episodic buffer

A

A part of the working memory model that holds information from the phonological loop in the visual spatial sketchpad, as well as information from long term memory

123
Q

Executive functions

A

Instead of cognitive processes that are necessary for the cognitive control of behavior

124
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

IntIntellectual abilities needed for problem-solving a novel situations

125
Q

Forgetting curve

A

A rapid loss of information after it is learned and the role of rehearsal in retaining information

126
Q

Functional magnetic resonance

A

I know imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changed associated with blood flow

127
Q

Functional neuroimaging

A

I know imaging technique that provides information about brain activity rather than brain structure

128
Q

General wisdom

A

The body of ideas or explanations generally excepted as true by the public or by experts in the field

129
Q

Global cell

A

Cells in the brain that provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system’s

130
Q

Grey matter

A

serves to process information in the brain’s database processes signals generated in the sensory organs or other areas of the grey matter

131
Q

Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction (HAROLD)

A

A theory that claims that the higher level of bilateral activations in the prefrontal cortex of aging brain demonstrate a compensatory strategy for numerous cognitive tasks

132
Q

Iconic memory

A

Memory for visual information that fades very rapidly

133
Q

Information processing model

A

The three main storage compartments that hold information at different points during the processing of information which are sensory short term and long term memory

134
Q

Intelligence quotient

A

A single score derived from a set of standardized test developed measure cognitive abilities in relation to one’s age group

135
Q

Left branching sentences

A

Sentence in which subordinate elements of the sentence appear before the main meaning of the sentence

136
Q

Myelin

A

An insulating layer that forms around nerves including those in the brain and spinal cord is made up of protein and fatty substance is an allowed electrical impulses to transmit quickly and effectively along the nerve cells

137
Q

Near infrared spectroscopic imaging

A

A Nuro imaging technique that allows functional imaging of brain activity through monitoring of blood oxygenation and blood volume in the prefrontal cortex

138
Q

Omission errors

A

Failure to identify the target letter in a distracted task

139
Q

Over accommodation

A

Relying on negative stereotypes of older adults to guide communication

140
Q

Personal wisdom

A

Knowledge that is gained through experience

141
Q

Phonological loop

A

A part of the working memory model that stores and rehearse his speech-based information and deals with spoken and written material

142
Q

PET SCAN

A

Neural imaging technique that uses small amount of radioactive materials to evaluate organ and tissue functions

143
Q

Premorbid functioning

A

How a person was functioning before the onset of physical or emotional illness

144
Q

Primary memory

A

Memory used to define memory that is retained for only a very short period of time there’s been used to refer to a short term memory

145
Q

Psychometric approach

A

The branch of psychology that deals with the design administration and interpretation of quantitative test for the measurement of psychological variables such as intelligence aptitude and personality test

146
Q

Rehearsal

A

The process of continuously repeating to be remembered information

147
Q

Response time

A

The time that passes between the introduction of a stimulus and the reaction by the individual to that stimulus

148
Q

Retrieval

A

Ability to get information out of the memory system when needed

149
Q

Scaffolding theory of cognitive aging

A

Performance on various tasks of cognition is maintained due to the continuous engagement of compensatory scaffolding by the brain

150
Q

Secondary memory

A

The vast body of knowledge stored over a lifetime

151
Q

Semantic memory

A

The part of long-term memory that is responsible for storing information about the world

152
Q

Signal intensity

A

A measure of areas of abnormal tissue in the brain and the brain is injured a scar will form over the injury and during a Scan the scar will give us a high signal that differentiates it from the normal

153
Q

Single photo emission computing tomography

A

Nuclear neuroimaging technique that uses gamma rays

154
Q

Storage

A

Ability to retain information in the memory system over time

155
Q

Structural neuroimaging

A

A Nuro imaging technique that provides she told images of the brains anatomical structure at certain points of time

156
Q

Tactile memory

A

Memory that is collected through feeling or touching something it is also known as haptic memory

157
Q

Terminal drop

A

A rapid decline in cognitive functioning just prior to death

158
Q

Tip of the tongue phenomena

A

The expertise of being unable to produce a name or a word despite the experience of feeling confident of ones knowledge of the name or word

159
Q

Under accommodation

A

Failure to consider how normal age related changes affect speaking and listening

160
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

A part of the working memory model the stores in manipulates visual and spatial information

161
Q

White matter

A

Composed of bundles of axons I connect various Grey Matter areas of the brain to each other and Carry nerve impulses between neurons

162
Q

Working memory model

A

Components that play important part in the temporary storage of information

Adult Development (1 decks)

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