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Patient Care > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the IOM (institute if medicine) define patient-centered care as?

A

Providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions

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2
Q

what are the Eight Principles of Patient-Centered Care?

A
  • respect for patient’s preferences
  • coordination and interrogation of care
  • Information and education
  • physical comfort
  • emotional support
  • involvement of family and friends
  • continuity and transition
  • access to care
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3
Q

how do you respect for patients values preferences and expressed needs

A
  • involve patients in decision making
  • everyone has their own unique values and preferences
  • treat patients with dignity
  • respect their cultural values
  • respect their autonomy (ask if they want help)
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4
Q

research found that the 8 practices are conducted to what?

A

a positive patient experience

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5
Q

how do people usually feel when faced with illness?

A

vulnerable and powerless

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6
Q

what are the 3 areas where care coordination can reduce these feelings of vulnerability?

A
  • coordination of clinical care
  • coordination of ancillary an support services
  • coordination of front line patient care
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7
Q

when can happen between healthcare providers and patients when communicating?

A

patients can feel as though they are not being completely informed about their condition or progress.

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8
Q

what are the 3 most important areas of physical comfort for a patient?

A
  • pain management
  • assistance with activities and daily living needs
  • hospital surroundings and environment
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9
Q

_____________ associated with illness and procedures can be as debilitating as the physical effects.

A

fear and anxiety

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10
Q

pay attention to anxiety over:

A
  • physical status, treatment, and prognosis
  • impact of the illness on themselves and their family
  • financial impact of the illness
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11
Q

the involvement of family and friends can enhance the patients’ experience depending on what?

A
  • providing accommodations for family and friends
  • involving family and close friends in decision making
  • supporting family members as caregivers
  • recognizing the needs of family and friends
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12
Q

what could happen after a patient is discharged?

A

they may feel concerned about their ability to care for themselves

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13
Q

what does meeting patient needs require?

A
  • understandable, detailed information regarding medications, physical limitations, e.t.c.
  • coordinate and plan ongoing treatment and services after discharge
  • provide information regarding access to clinical, social, physical, and financial support on a continuing basis
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14
Q

what can you help patients to know about care access?

A
  • locations of hospitals, clinics, and physicians
  • availability of transportation
  • appointment availability and ease of scheduling
  • accessibility of specialists
  • clear instructions on how and when to get referrals
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15
Q

what are the steps to take control of your own healthcare?

A
  • be informed
  • ask questions
  • push for answers
  • keep a detailed record
  • know your medications
  • monitor your own body
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16
Q

when in communication successful?

A

only when the sender and the receiver understand the message in the same way

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17
Q

what are the types of communication?

A
  • verbal
  • non verbal
  • written
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18
Q

what must you do before you speak?

A
  • think of and prepare your thoughts

- practice what your going to say and how your going to say it

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19
Q

what is effective verbal communication?

A
  • think before you speak
  • practice how and what your going to say
  • consider your tone of voice, rate of speech, and body language
  • ask questions so patient understands
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20
Q

what is an important thing to keep in mind when communicating with patients?

A

Patients are relying on you, as a healthcare professional, to give them the information that they need and to prepare them for what is about to happen.

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21
Q

what can non verbal communication be defined as?

A

all stimuli OTHER than that of spoken word that communicates a message to another person

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22
Q

what are signs of good non verbal communication?

A
  • appearance
  • gestures
  • facial expression
  • postures
  • eye contact
  • para-linguistics (pitch, tone)
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23
Q

body movement

A
  • what are your hands doing?

- are you shifting around?

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24
Q

posture

A
  • how do you stand?
  • do you slouch
  • arms crossed, what are you doing with them?
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25
Q

eye contact

A

look at your patient but don’t stare

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26
Q

para-language

A

the sound of your speech rather than the content of it

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27
Q

appearance/presentation

A
  • do you look like you work here?

- personal hygiene

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28
Q

facial expressions

A
  • are you looking at your patient?

- are you interested in what their telling you?

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29
Q

physiological changes

A
  • are you sweating or blinking a lot because your nervous?

- are you jittery? did you have too much coffee?

30
Q

Humor

A

humor can be effective but must be used appropriately

31
Q

culture differences

A
  • Some things do not translate well over cultures

- Sonographers need to be aware of cultural differences in both verbal and non verbal communication

32
Q

what is the goal of listening skills?

A

your goal is:

  • gather accurate information
  • understand the feeling and meaning of the message the patient has given you
33
Q

is hearing the same as listening?

A

no

34
Q

can we cut off a patient when their answering a question?

A

no, give them time to answer

35
Q

what is the most common and effective mode of business communication?

A

written communication

36
Q

what makes a safe work environment?

A
  • policies
  • protocols
  • cleanliness
  • know your surroundings
  • emergency routes
  • PPE
  • enforcement (management)
37
Q

what can you do to make sure that you work in a safe area?

A

know your role in an emergency situation

38
Q

what is a slip?

A

when an action is carried out correctly, but was not intended
Ex) I mean to hit the gas, but I hit the break by accident

39
Q

what is a lapse?

A

omission of an intended action due to memory failure

Ex) I meant to turn off the stove, but I forgot

40
Q

what is a mistake?

A

(intended actions) an error of intention caused by a conscious decision in effort to solve a problem. An incorrect plan of action that is correctly executed

41
Q

what is a rule-based mistake?

A

the rule that is used to solve the problem is not applied correctly

42
Q

in rule-based mistakes what if the problem is not identified correctly?

A

wrong rule-based solution used

43
Q

in rule-based mistakes what if the problem was identified correctly?

A

rule-based decision was applied incorrectly

44
Q

what is a knowledge-based mistake?

A

a mistake that occurs due to incorrect or insufficient knowledge

45
Q

what is a violation?

A

a deliberate deviation from safe operating practices where you make a decision to intentionally go against what you should be doing that results in harm or potential harm to someone

46
Q

Giving the wrong dose of a medication while being distracted when preparing the drug.

A

slip

47
Q

Intentionally giving a higher dose than necessary due to your personal opinion that the lower dose wont work well enough.

A

violation

48
Q

Intentionally giving the wrong dose because you didn’t know the proper equation to calculate the amount needed

A

knowledge-based mistake

49
Q

what are the 2 ways we can handle human errors?

A
  • person approach

- systems approach

50
Q

what is the person approach from a mistake?

A
  • blame and shame
  • assumption that the error is due to laziness, lack of skill, e.t.c
  • punishment to eliminate error repetition
51
Q

what is the systems approach from a mistake?

A
  • acknowledgement that humans are fallible by nature
  • anticipates human errors
  • designs systems to decrease the risk of an error
  • focuses on latent failures as opposed to active failures
52
Q

root cause analysis

A

System based review of incidents to identify contributory factors in order to develop strategies to reduce the risk of recurrence

53
Q

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

A

Proactive technique that anticipates failures and deals with them before they occur, rather than reacting afterwards

54
Q

Incident Reporting System

A

The documentation of actual or potential incidents in order to learn from our mistakes

55
Q

Internal Audits

A

Periodic assessment of systems, processes and patient care outcomes

56
Q

Safety Briefings

A

Daily briefings among staff to share concerns about potential issues

57
Q

Complaint Management System

A

A way for patients to have their concerns dealt with efficiently and effectively

58
Q

when do you file an incident report?

A

whenever an unexpected event occurs

59
Q

what are some examples when you would file an incident report?

A
  • patient complaint
  • medication error
  • medical device malfunctions
  • someone is injured or involved in a situation where there was potential for injury
60
Q

why do we bother with filing incident reports?

A
  • method of learning from past errors
  • jog your memory
  • trigger a rapid response
  • its your duty, if someone was hurt it could lead you to termination
61
Q

what should you include in inident reports?

A
  • date/time/location
  • events leading up to the incident
  • first hand information
  • second hand information in “quotes”
  • names of all involved and how they were affected
  • response to the incident
  • end result
62
Q

what should you NOT include in your incident report?

A
  • abbreviations
  • your opinion or feelings
  • blame
  • proposed preventative measures
  • hearsay
  • don’t match report with colleagues
63
Q

what are the different hazards in a healthcare environment?

A
  • designated substances
  • physical hazards
  • biological hazards
  • chemical hazards
  • ergonomic hazards
  • psychological hazards
64
Q

what are 3 designated substances?

A
  • biological
  • chemical
  • physical agent
65
Q

physical hazards

A

heat, noise, and vibration, X-rays

66
Q

biological hazards

A
  • patients carrying germs
  • work environment could have mold
  • infection control can reduce this risk
67
Q

what are some examples of chemical hazards?

A
  • antiseptics and disinfectants
  • chemicals used in labs
  • detergents
  • cleaners
  • anaesthetic gases
68
Q

ergonomic hazards

A
  • lifting and transferring patients
  • repetitive movements
  • awkward positions for a long period if time
69
Q

phycological hazards

A
  • violence or aggression from patients
  • shift work
  • working with ill patients could be emotionally wearing
70
Q

how can I be safer as a healthcare worker?

A
  • know what hazards exist in your workplace
  • use PPE
  • participate in health and safety training sessions
  • follow policies and practice safe work procedures
  • report anything that you believe is unsafe for you or other workers
71
Q

who can help create a safe work environment?

A
  • managers
  • yourself
  • JHSC
  • health and safety professionals
72
Q

what are the 3 types of human errors?

A
  • mistakes
  • skill-based errors
  • violations

Patient Care (3 decks)

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