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Differential Diagnosis > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Indications of an os odontoidium

A

Convex tubercle

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2
Q

Tendinosis

A

Intra-tendon degeneration

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3
Q

Pain below the knee indicative of what?

A

Disc lesion with NR irritation

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4
Q

Patients with disc lesions often haev what history

A

History of recurrent back pain without leg pain

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5
Q

Young patient vs old patient difficulties and disc lesion

A

Young: hard time sitting and easier to stand or walk

Older: hard time walking or standing because compressive

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6
Q

MC disc lesions

A

L4 and L5

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7
Q

Weakness of dorsiflexion of great toe-NR/disc?

A

L5 NR

L4 disc

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8
Q

Achilles reflex

A

S1 NR

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9
Q

Weak plantar flexion-NR/disc?

A

S1 NR

L5 disc

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10
Q

SLR positive for NR/disc when reproduction below?

A

45 degrees

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11
Q

L5 disc lesion affects ____ NR. + _____ pathological reflex

A

S1

Achilles

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12
Q

Sensory deficit in posterior lateral leg and lateral foot

A

S1 NR

L5 disc

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13
Q

Weak plantar flexion

A

L5 disc

S1 NR

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14
Q

Difficult toe walking

A

L5 disc

S1NR

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15
Q

L4 disc lesion affects what

A

L5 NR

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16
Q

Sensory deficit in anterior lateral lower leg and top of foot

A

L4 disc

L5 NR

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17
Q

Weak dorsiflexion

A

L4 disc

L5 NR

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18
Q

Patellar reflex

A

L4 NR

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19
Q

Facet syndrome pain area

A

LBP with hip/butt pain above knee

Pain is localized with kemps
And not below the knee with SLR

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20
Q

What is the Hadley S curve used for?

A

Facet syndrome lumbar

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21
Q

Canal stenosis complaint

A

Onset of leg pain with walking and better with rest. Flexed position better

Multilevel findings

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22
Q

Diffuse arm symptoms including numbness and tingling

A

TOS

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23
Q

Tests for TOS

A

Adsons (toward)
Halstead (look away)
Wrights (pec minor)
Functional test: Roos

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24
Q

MC area for facet referred pain

A

Down outer arm to the hand

C5-7 joints

25
Q

Reasons for large ADI

A 
Atlantodental instability
Inflammatory arthropathy Ed (sero-/+)
Downs
So odontoidium
A genesis of posterior arch
Occipitalization
Normal variant
26
Q

Radiographic features of a severe sprain

A

Widening of interspinous distance
Loss of parallelism between facet joints
Horizontal displacement more than 3.5mm
Angular displacement more than 11 degrees

27
Q

Hoffman sign

A

“Finger flick” patients middle finger

+ flexion of fingers and adduction of thumb

UMNL

28
Q

Sharp pain on motion

A

Joint

29
Q

Deep burning and dull pain

A

Bone/ligament

30
Q

Amoss sign

A

IVD
AS
Thoracic subluxation

31
Q

A sense of superficial abdominal reflexes in patients with scoliosis has been suggested as an indicator of what

A

Syringomyelia

32
Q

Unilateral absence of superficial abdonimal reflexes may be in an indicator of what

A

Corticospinal tract lesion

33
Q

Epigastric reflect

A

T5-7

34
Q

Upper abdominal reflex

A

T7-9

35
Q

Middle abdominal reflex

A

T9-11

36
Q

Lower abdominal reflex

A

T11-12

37
Q

Missing pedicle DDX?

A 
Congential
Destructive 
    1. Bone tumor (lytic mets/primary)
    2. ST tumor
    3. Infection
Surgical
38
Q

Red flags for LBP

A 
Trauma
Infection
Saddle anesthesia
Immunosuppression
Pain worse at night
Progressive neurological complaints
Bladder dysfunction
CA
Weight loss
39
Q

What tests traction L2-L4 (femoral)

A

Nachla
Ely
Femoral Nerve traction test

40
Q

What orthopedic exams would cause nerve traction that you would perform in cases of radiating posterior buttock pain

A 
Slumps (SOL)
SLR/WLF
Bechterew’s (seated SLR) (disc/NR)
Lindner’s (chin to chest-pain in LB/sciatic=NR)
Laseque’s (NR)
41
Q

Orthopedic exams that cause nerve traction that would be utilized in cases of radiating anterior buttock pain

A

Femoral nerve traction test
Nachlas
Elys

42
Q

Canal stenosis patient presentation

A

Bilateral buttock pain
Forward flexed position
LBP
Limited extension

43
Q

Kemps test

A

Patient lateral flexed away
Flexed forward and laterally toward doctor
Extension with compression of the shoulder on the side being tested

Local pain convex: capsulitis
Local pain concave: facet
Radiating leg pain: disc

44
Q

When do lumbar facet syndromes present with nerve traction signs

A

With extensive DDD only

45
Q

What are 3 common sites for compression relating to TOS

A

Scalene triangle
Costoclavicular
Pec minor hypertrophy

46
Q

Brachial plexus stinger

A

Multi dermatomal radiating pain

Mechanism: cervical lateral flexion opposite direction of shoulder

47
Q

What tests would you to for brachial plexus injuries

A

brachial plexus TT
Bakody
Bikele

48
Q

Signs of cervical stinger

A

Cervical spine pain with bilateral radiating arm pain

49
Q

What tests would you to for meningitis

A

Brudinski

Kernig

50
Q

foraminal compression test

A

IVF encroachment
If also radiculopathy pain—indicates causing pressure on NR

Pressure down with head rotated

51
Q

Jackson compression test

A

Pressure on head when laterally flexed

IVF encroachment confirmation (after foraminal compression)

52
Q

Max. Foraminal compression

A

Laterally flex, rotate and extend adn then doc puts pressure

Pain on side being tested: radiating: IVF encroachment. Local: facet

Opposite: muscle stretch

53
Q

Cervical canal stenosis

A

Less than 13 mm

54
Q

Lumbar canal stenosis

A

12 mm relative

10 absolute

55
Q

Modic type two

A

Fatty infiltrate

Bright and bright

56
Q

Cause of isthmic/spondylolytic spondylolisthesis and where MC

A

L5

Stress fracture of the pars

57
Q

Where is degenerative spondylolisthesis MC

A

L4

58
Q

If AA is larger than ___ send out for ultrasound

A

3.5cm

Differential Diagnosis (2 decks)

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