Test 1 Flashcards
What was the primary theoretical orientation in the 1950’s
Psychoanalysis:
Assumption was that unconscious conflicts and desires are the basis for psychological disorders
Used Projective Tests
Goal was to resolve intrapsychic conflict
Why was there discontent with Psychoanalysis?
Unscientific- not data driven; extensive use of intuition, assumption, speculation
Wolpe criticism of Little Hans
Little Hans was afraid of horses–freud believed, through psychoanalysis, that he wanted to have sex with his mother, feared his father would castrate him, and displaced that fear to horses–Wolpe believed possibly a traumatic event or experience with horses was a better explanation for LIttle Hans’ fear
Behaviorism
the study of overt behavior and rejection of what could not be verified
What does it mean that behaviorism is based in “empiricism”?
words and concepts only make sense when linked to direct experience
Methodological Behaviorism
view taht only observations of behavior, not speculations about mental life, can form the practical basis fof psychological science
Little Albert Study
John Watson
Found that emotional responses can be conditioned or learn
John Watson
Little albert study–learned emotional responses
Mary Cover Jones
Watson’s Student
extinction of Peter’s fear of rabbits through behavior modeling (watching other kids enjoy playing with rabbit) and in vivo desensitization (assosicate rabbit with positive stimuli such as favorite food)
B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning with pigeons & Rats
did not apply to therapy but speculated its application
Josef Wolpe
Reciprocal inhibition-basis for relaxation training
Developed systematic desensitization
What are some initial riticisms of Behavior Therapy
Most work was done with animals in labs–accused of being dehumanizing and controlling
Discontent with terms: behavior modification, punishment, reinforcement, conditioning
Social Learning Theory
basics
Albert Bandura
Environment, behavior, and cognitive processes interact simultaneously to impact individual
Self-Efficacy
LOOK THIS ONE UP IN BOOK!!!
Arnold Lazarus
advocated for “broad spectrum behavior therapy”
“technical eclecticism vs theoretical eclecticism” (he supports technical )
Technical Eclecticism VS Theoretical Eclecticism
Technical Eclecticism: Pulling together different techniques
Theoretical Eclecticism: pulling together different theories (can get confusing)
Donald Meichenbaum
self-instructional techniques
Self Instructional Techniques
LOOK IN BOOK
talking yourself through situations (?)
Social Learning Theory
Forms the conceptual/empirical basis of CBT
Focus on unique human/person attributes.
(such as:Language/Reasoning capability, Ability to consider past/present/future, reason about self, others, world)
Psycho Analysis VS Behavior Therapy
- PA= past focused
BT= present focused - PA=verbal treatment
BT=Action Oriented - PA=indirectly explore past/unconcious as related to problem
BT=identify and change present maintaing conditions of problem - PA=same tenchiques for all clients
BT= Individualized techniques - PA=Lengthy treatment
BT=Brief, short term treatment - PA= Uncontrolled, qualitative studies
BT= controlled, quantitative experiement
What are the 4 major themes of CBT?
- Scientific
- Active
- Present focused
- Learning focused
Theme 1: Scientific
- definition of targeted bx, treatment goals, and assessment/therapy procedures
- treatment protocols for effective therapies to enhance usefulness and effectiveness
- quantitative measurements of bx to be changed
- monitoring of symptoms/goals
Theme 2: Active
- clients do someting about their difficulties
- therapy primarily consists of tasks (role playing, rehearsing, coping strategies, exposure, etc)
- homework assignments
Theme 3: Present Focused
- assume current problems are influenced by current conditions
- Tx aimed to change current conditions to alter present behavior/problem
Theme 4: Learning Focused
- current problems are frequently learned
- Tx provides client with learning experiences to challenge current behavior/thoughts
Common characteristics among 4 themes of BT
1- individualized to paitent’s needs
2- stepwise progression from simple to complex, easy to hard, less threatening to more threatening
3-Treatment packages/protocols are evidence based for specific problems
4-Tx designed to be short-term/brief
Therapist-Client Relationship
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