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IB Biology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

genes

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1
Q

Deoxyribose

A

A 5 carbon sugar, the sugar in DNA

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2
Q

Nucleotide

A

An individual repeating unit of DNA, consists of phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base

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3
Q

Base Pair

A

A unit with 2 nucleases bound to each other by weak hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

Antiparallel

A

Parallel, but moving in opposite directions

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5
Q

Polynucleotide

A

Nucleotides linked up

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6
Q

Enzyme

A

A catalyst for biochemical reactions

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7
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid, a half copy of DNA

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8
Q

RNA Polymerase

A

Used to add new RNA nucleotides to make RNA. It synthesizes RNA by following a strand of DNA. It is responsible for copying DNA into RNA during transcription

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9
Q

MRNA

A

Messenger RNA. It carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm for translation

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10
Q

Ribosome

A

The organelles at which proteins are synthesized, made of RNA

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11
Q

Codon

A

Sequence of 3 bases on a strand of mRNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid.
(3 nitrogen bases = 1 codon) (1 codon = 1 amino acid).

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12
Q

Anticodon

A

A sequence of 3 bases that are complementary to a codon. They are on tRNA

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13
Q

tRNA

A

Brings amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order.

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14
Q

Amino Acids

A

The building blocks of protein

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15
Q

Allele

A

Alternative form of a gene

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16
Q

Mutation

A

Changes to DNA

17
Q

1st phase of mitosis

A

Interphase. During interphase cellular organelles double in number, DNA is replicated, and protein synthesis occurs. The chromosomes are not visible and DNA occurs as uncoiled chromatin.

18
Q

2nd phase of mitosis

A

Prophase. During prophase, the chromatids condense to form chromosomes that can be easier seen and the nuclear membrane disappears.

19
Q

3rd phase of mitosis

A

Metaphase. In metaphase, the chromosomes produce mitotic spindle fibers, which line the chromosomes up in the center of the cell.

20
Q

4th phase of mitosis

A

Anaphase. In anaphase the spindle fibers pull the chromosome apart to opposite sides of the cell

21
Q

5th phase of mitosis

A

Telophase. During telophase the spindle fibers disappear and a nuclear membrane from around each new set of chromosomes which decondense and are no longer easily seen

22
Q

6th phase of mitosis

A

Cytokinesis. In cytokinesis mitosis is completed by dividing the cytoplasm in half to from 2 new identical cells.

23
Q

Spindle Fibers

A

Form during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.

24
Q

Chromatids

A

A chromosome that has been newly copied or the copy of a chromosome

25
Q

Gene

A

A stretch of DNA that codes for something

IB Biology (1 decks)

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