Test 1 Flashcards by Kasey Schneider

know the characteristic of living things

organized
obtain  nutrients
responds to their environment
develop
reproduce
adapt

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Living things are organized –

Cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism

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Ultimate source of energy for Earth is the sun.

Photosynthesis
light
CO2 + H2O - -> 02 + starch

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Homeostasis

the ability to maintain a constant internal environment

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Categories of classification – know the order

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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Know the correct classification of a human

Homo sapien

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Kingdom Animal -consumers and are all multicellular

Mammals – characteristics: hair &amp; nipples
Monotremes – primitive mammals 
Lay hard shelled eggs
Duck billed platypus
Spiny ant eater
Marsupials – infants born in an immature condition
Kangaroo
Koalas
Tasmanian wolf
Opossums

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Kingdom Plant

producers (photosynthetic) and are multicellular

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Kingdom Fungi - decomposers, absorb living or dead organic matter as food

Fungal diseases -
Ergot
candida albicans (yeast)
tinea “ringworm” - athletes food

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Kingdom Protist - unicellular or multicellular, nutritional needs vary

algae  (plant-like)
plant-like and photosynthetic
classified by pigment
some are single celled others are multicellular
protozoa  (animal-like)
animal-like
unicellular
may be phagocytic (eat other protists)
cilia, flagella, and pseudopods enable movement
fungal-like protists
slime molds and water mold
decomposers

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Domain Bacteria

classified by shape – cocci, bacilli, or spirals

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Domain Arachae

single celled and live in extreme environments_
example - methanogens, thermoacidophiles, halophiles
Thermus aquaticus – used to copy human DNA for DNA testing

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Biology

The study of Life

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The Scientific Method starts with

an observation

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Hypothesis

an educated guess
Only one hypothesis can be tested in an experiment
A good hypothesis is a logical explanation of event, it is testable, and accounts for all current information related to the events being studied
Some hypothesis are not testable

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Scientific theory

formed from many hypothesis

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Scientific law

universal and absolute

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Double blind study

the administrator and the participants does not know who is in the test or control group

Placebo

a medication that does not contain any active ingredients

Evolution

process by which species have changed and new species evolved

The earth is old

4.5 billion years old

Pangaea

early origin of the earth formed by the merger of 2 supercontinents

The earth still changes, but the

change is due to erosion, wind and rain

Common descent

all organisms on the planet today evolved from a single ancestor

Russell Wallace

scientist that developed the concept of survival of the fittest

Charles Darwin

author of “On the Origin of Species”

Mass extinction

disappearance of a large number of species At least 5 have taken place on earth to date

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’

theory of evolution was based on acquired characteristics

Biogeography

Study of the distribution of life forms on earth

Speciation

formation of a new species when populations evolve differently

Darwin’s finches

adaptive radiation | Multiple species evolving from one species

Genetic mutation

due to mutation and sexual reproduction Mechanism for evolution

Industrial Melanism

microevolution - rare occurs over several generations.

Artificial selection

breeding of dogs or plants for desired traits

Survival of the fittest –

The fittest have traits best suited for the environment | Fitness determined by reproductive success

Transitional forms

a link between and reptile and bird once did exist

Vestigial structures

no longer needed; Wisdom teeth Appendix Outer ear

Homologous structures

anatomical similarities indicating common descent Forelimbs – horse, human, bat (use varies

Analogous structures

structures which serve the same function, but are not constructed the same way – Butterfly, bird, bat wing

Embryology

similarities in early states of embryonic development

Species

share a gene pools can give rise to fertile offspring | Mules, ligers, zorses, and broccoflowers are not new species but genetic hybrids and are sterile

Adaptation

``` characteristic that make an organism more suited to their environment Jesus Christ lizard Anaconda Brazilian alligator bug Peacock – demonstrates sex selection Zebras Poison dart frog ```

Human Evolution

All primates share a common ancestor Hominins – order of descent austalopithacus -> homo habilis -> home erectus Out of Africa hypothesis - humans evolved from homo erectus to homo sapiens and migrated out of Africa