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Political Science > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the principle of subjectivity?

A

emergence of I, two forms of awareness conscious of myself and conscious of you

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2
Q

What is political consciousness?

A

Self conscious, deliberate, rational search for moral and political order.

Leads to the creation of a new form of politics

principle of subjectivity, leads to estrangement, estrangement leads to political consciousness

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3
Q

How and why does the principle of subjectivity lead to estrangement?

A

When “self” consciousness emerges, estrangement emerges or “alienation”

Sense of belonging is lost

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4
Q

What are the two species of political being?

A

Tribal/We and Individuated/I

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5
Q

What is the political significance of consciousness of self?

A

our first concern is ourselves

it effects how we construct our politics

egoism emerges

consciousness of self leads to concern for individual rights/ conscience

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6
Q

What is the political significance of consciousness of others?

A

our second concern is for those around us

we understand how our actions might effect those around us

Consciousness of others leads to concern for obligations of citizenship/duty

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of tribal societies/politics?

A

Kinship, Instinct, sacred rituals, and taboos

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of individuated societies/politics?

A

Association, secular lifestyle, reason and law governs, literate identity, which is bound in the national culture

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of the modern nation? What species of politics does it represent?

A

People share a common culture, people are conscious of their identity, which is bound in the national culture.
It is tribal.

people
common culture
ethnic, religious, racial, language similarities
consciousness/ identity with that culture

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of the modern state? What species of politics does it represent?

A

It is individuated.
a particular theory is governed by a sovereign government, separating them fromt he rest of the nation

people
territory
government
sovereignty

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11
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of tribal political societies?

A

Strengths: a sense of belonging; identity
expresses social nature of human beings, especially familial ties
affords protection and security

Weaknesses: Ethnocerntricism, Outgroup/ingroup mentality can lead to a lack of respect for the individual, genocide can occue when people are killed simply for being member of a particular tribe

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12
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of individuated political societies?

A

Strengths: rational, ordered and efficient, individual accountability

Weaknesses: impersonal contact, bureaucracy becomes inefficient, technocratic→must have means to adapt to steadily changing technology

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13
Q

What is hubris?

A

self-righteous pride

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14
Q

What is the significance of the setting of The Euminides?

A

it reveals discontinuity, madness, instability, and takes a critical perspective

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15
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Aegisthus

A

ruled over Mycenae jointly with his father, exiling Atreus’ sons, Agamemnon and Menelaus to Sparta, killed Agamemnon with the help of his wife Clytemnestra

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16
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Agamemnon

A

the son of king Atreus; the husband of Clytemnestra; commanded the united Greek armed forces in the ensuing Trojan War.

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17
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Menelaus

A

the son of Atreus and Aerope, brother of Agamemnon; husband to Helen of Troy; leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the Trojan War

18
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Helen

A

wife of Menelaus; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War

19
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Clytemnestra

A

the wife of Agamemnon; in Oresteia by Aeschylus, she murdered her husband Agamemnon with Aegisthus

20
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Orestes

A

he son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon; returned from Troy to meet his death at the hands of Aegisthus, his wife’s lover. On reaching manhood, Orestes avenged his father by killing Aegisthus and Clytemnestra.

21
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Pylades

A

the son of King Strophius of Phocis and of Anaxibia; friend of Orestes

22
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Iphigenia

A

daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra

23
Q

Who are the following characters in Aeschylus’ Oresteia? Cassandra

A

the daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy; Apollo gave her the power of prophecy in order to seduce her, but when she refused him, he gave her the curse of never being believed

24
Q

Who are the matriarchal gods in the Oresteia? What is the basis of their power?

A

the matriarchal gods are the Furies, thinks the bond between mother and child are more important than marriage; Their power lies in the memory of evil

25
Q

What is a theodicy?

A

an attempt to explain pathos or suffering, especially in the context of divine justice

26
Q

What evidence do we see of the beginnings of civilized behavior in the Oresteia?

A

Oresteia hesitates, he must accept responsibility for his actions, he wants to be right, and he takes no pride in what he has done.

27
Q

What is pathos? What do we learn from it?

A

suffering; the elders suffered because they can’t help fight in the war and they grieve the absence of their king; Agamemnon’s entire fleet was destroyed on his return from Troy; Clytaemnestra because of her daughter and she was left alone with Aga

mors

28
Q

What is the nature of the tyranny of Clytaemnestra and Aegisthus?

A

The chorus is upset with illegitamite rule by Clytaemnestra and use tyranny attics such a hunger and imprisonment to get citizens to obey

29
Q

What is the Areopagus? What is its relevance?

A

It is the jury

30
Q

How does Athena convince the Furies of their place in the new order?

A

Human beings must be involved in the reconciliation

31
Q

How does Orestes deal with the issue of responsibility?

A

At first he refuses to accept responsibility but then slowly does and doesn’t take pride in what he did

32
Q

What is the role of reason in the resolution at the conclusion of the Eumenides? What are the components of that reason?

A

The role of reason in the resolution is to show the beginning of the democratic relationships in society and also to balance the role of fear in the resolution. This is the purpose of where Athena stands. The components of this reason are Persuasion, Tolerance, Proportionality, and Justice

33
Q

What is the role of fear in the resolution at the conclusion of the Eumenides? What are the components of that fear?

A

Fear Internalized Guilt, Socialization, Household, Conscience, Fear of Punishment.

34
Q

What are the major conclusions or themes that can be drawn from the Oresteia?

A

Suffering and the Human Condition Guilt, Hubris, Family Optimism Out of savagery can come Harmony Harmony of Psyche, City, Cosmos Victory over Barbarism always Contingent hubris and self-control Intimations of Democracy New Order: Balance Reason and Fear Celebration of Victory of Civilization Rite of Passage Self-Knowledge

35
Q

What is metaphysics? Epistemology? Ontology? Ethics?

A

Metaphysics asks what is fundamental in reality.
Epistemology is the study of knowing.
Ontology is the study of being.
Ethics is right conduct, the study of moral theory and moral conduct.

36
Q

How does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs compare to Aristotle’s notion of activity and the good?

A

Activity:
A. Instrumental Activity
B. Intrinsic Activity
C. Politics as Intrinsic Activity – The Master Science

	1. Not for study by the young.
	2. Complex and Imprecise

Good:
A. Self-Sufficient Good
B. The Good is Social
C. The Good is Attainable

37
Q

What is a language of the good? What is a language of rights? Which is prominent in liberalism?

A

Aristotle’s Ethics are Virtue Ethics, as opposed to Consequentialist and Deontological ethics.

A.  Activity of the Soul in Accordance with Virtue
B.  Spoudaios
C.  Complete Life
D.  Happiness – Three Types:  Euphoria; Eudaimonia; Contemplation
38
Q

What does Aristotle mean by happiness? By Zoon politikon?

A
  1. Euphoria
    2. Eudaimonia
    3. Contemplation

Zoon Politikon – Polis as Citadel, City-State, Community

39
Q

What are the elements of virtuous action in Aristotle?

A 
A.  Act of a Certain Kind
	B.  Agent knows what he/she is doing
	C.  Act is chosen
	D.  Act is chosen for its own sake
	E.  Act springs from an unchangeable character
40
Q

What is the difference, in Aristotle, between intellectual and moral virtues?

A

A. Intellectual Virtues are Taught

B. Moral Virtues are Habituated

41
Q

What is the mean in Aristotle?

A

A. Avoidance of Excess and Deficiency

B. Sophrosyne

Political Science (1 decks)

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