Test 1 Flashcards
List 2 reasons we should study communication:
- Improve our communication skills
- Understand what happens in our lives
Define communication:
-Systemic process of interaction through symbols to interpret meanings
Explain the chain of communication: (features)
- Ongoing all the time = process
- Related parts that affect each other = systemic
- Abstractly represents something else = symbols
- Significance we put on stuff = meanings
What are the 2 levels of meaning:
- Content level
- Relationship level
Name the 3 types of communication:
- Linear model of communication
- Interactive model of communication
- Transactional model of communication
What is linear communication:
-One way process where one person acts on another
What is noise:
-Anything that interferes with the intended communication
What is the interactive model of communication:
- Receivers respond to senders
- Senders listen to receivers
- feedback*
Name the 2 types of feedback:
- Verbal
- Nonverbal
What is the transactional model of communication:
-People simultaneously send and receive messages
Define perception:
-The active process of ~selecting ~organizing ~interpreting -People and situations
Name some influencers of selection:
- Acuity of our senses
- Change
- How something looks on the outside
Define self fulfilling prophecy:
-People act consistent with how they perceive themselves
What are the 4 ways we organize perception and give examples:
- Prototypes = way of thinking that defines the best or most representative example of something (prototype for gf)
- Personal constructs = judging someone on a spectrum (he looks stupid)
- Stereotypes = generalizations of someone or a group of people
- Scripts = guides to how we should act or respond in certain situations (how are you? I’m fine how about you?)
Define interpretation:
-Subjective process of explaining perceptions to assign meaning to them
Name and explain the 2 types of locus in interpersonal attribution:
- Internal = I did this myself and am proud of it/can do better
- External = It was raining so my hair got wet so I didn’t get the job
List the 4 influencers of perception:
- Physiology = people are different
- Culture = Privileged cultures
- Social and professional roles = having to be or act a certain way because of your job
- Cognitive abilities = How deeply we think about situations and people
Name and explain the 4 rhetorical proofs:
- Ethos = Speaker credibility/character
- Logos = logic/organization
- Pathos = emotion
- Mythos = reinforced stories
Name the 3 general purposes for speaking:
- To inform
- To persuade
- Entertain
What is a thesis statement:
- Short main idea of entire speech
- Short/precise
- Easy to remember
What design should the flow of information be in an introduction:
-Broad to specific
How can one be audience centered:
-Researching about the group you are talking to and knowing what’s in it for them
How is organizing speeches different than organizing a paper:
- Speeches require more explicit organization
- Speeches benefit from being redundant
- Speeches don’t need to use complex sentences
Name and explain the 3 kinds of outlines:
- Working outline = paper rough draft of initial thoughts and direction
- Formal outline = full sentences outline entire speech
- Key word outline = key words and cues that help the speaker during presentation
Name the 4 styles of delivery:
- Impromptu
- Extemporaneous = made to look impromptu but you actually plan
- Manuscript
- Memorized
Name 2 things that help one to get better at speaking:
- Practice
- Preparation
