Test #1 Flashcards
What are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system?
Support Protection Movement Storage Production of red blood cells
What is support? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)
The skeleton provides a framework for your body shape
What is movement? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)
The bones act as leavers when the muscles work in pairs
What is protection? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)
The skeleton protects internal organs such as your heart, lungs and the brain
What is storage? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)
Bones store minerals such as calcium phosphorus and small amounts of magnesium, chloride and sodium
What is the production of red blood cells? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)
RBC are produced predominantly in the marrow (the soft tissue of the on the inside of long bones)
What are the 5 types of bones in the body ?
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
What are long bones?
Support weight and allows movement (humours, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibular, phalanges)
What are short bones ?
Provides stability and some movement (carpals and tarsals)
What are flat bones?
Protects vital organs (ribs, sternum, pelvis)
What are irregular bones?
Complex shape which helps with protection (vertebrae)
What are sesamoid bones?
Bones found in tendons (patella)
What is the head?
Skull
What is the shoulders
Clavicle
What are your shoulder blade
Scapular
What is the top of your forearm
Radius
What is the bottom of your forearm
Ulna
What is your wrist
Carpals
What is your hand
Metacarpals
What are your fingers
Phalanges
What is your thigh
Femur
What is your knee
Patella
What is your shin
Tibia
What is your calf
Fibula
What are your ankles
Tarsals
What are your feet
Metatarsals
What are your toes
Phalanges
What are the three types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What is the fibrous joint
No movement from example the skull
What is the cartilaginous joint
Slightly moveable for example ribs and sternum, clavicle and sternum
What is synovial joints
Freely move Able for example shoulder, knee, ankle, elbow
What are the 6 types of synovial joints
Gliding Hinge Pivot Ball and socket Saddle Ellipsoid
What is the gliding joint in terms of synovial joints
Bones gliding along the surface of each other
What is hinge joints in terms of synovial joints
Movement in one place - flexion an extension for example elbow and knee
What is pivot joint in terms of synovial joints
Rotation of one bone around the other
What is a Ellipsoid joint in terms of synovial joints
Allow shallow movement in all directions for example wrist ankle
What is a saddle joint in terms of synovial joints
Allows shallow movement in all directions for example thumb
What is a ball and socket joint in terms of synovial joints
Allows large movement in all directions for example hip and shoulders
What are the 12 types of movements?
Extension flexion Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Rotation Abduction Adduction Circumduction Pronation Supination Inversion Eversion
What is flexion
Decreasing the angle of a joint
What is flexion
Increasing the angle of a joint
What is abduction
Away from the middle of the body
What is adduction
Towards the the middle of the body
What is circumduction
Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
What is rotation
Movement of one bone around another
What is pronation
Rotate palm downwards
What is supination
Rotate palm upwards
What is inversion
Sole o the foot points inwards
What is eversion
Sole of the foot points outwards
What is dorsiflexion
Points toe upwards
What is plantarflexion
Points toe downwards
What are the 3 major types of muscles
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Skeletal muscles
Where are skeletal muscles found
Found in the internal organs such as the intestines (involuntary muscles)
Where are the cardiac muscles found
Found only in the heart ( involuntary - constantly working)
Smooth muscles
Primary function is movement (voluntary muscles - under our control)
What are the 3 functions of the muscles
Posture
movement
Maintaining homeostasis
What is posture in terms of a function of muscles
Muscles and ligaments act to stabilise joints and maintaining an upright position
What is movement in terms of a function of muscles
Contraction of muscles pulls on bones which allows movement to occur at joints
What is maintaining homeostasis in terms of a function of muscles
Cardiac and smooth muscles work to maintain homeostasis within the body
What are the 3 types of muscular contractions
Concentric contraction
Eccentric contraction
Isometric contraction
What is concentric contraction
Results in shortening of the muscles length
What is essential contraction
Results in lengthening of the muscle
What is isometric contraction
Tension increases, but no change in muscle length or the joint angle
What is gas exchange
Occurs in the lungs to remove CO2 from the blood and gives O2
What are the 2 mechanics of breathing and explain them
Inhalation: intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm becomes flatter - increases volume of lungs
Exhalation: intercostal muscles relax and diaphragm becomes dome shaped - decrease volume of lungs
What does the respiratory system do
Takes air from the atmosphere to be delivered to the blood
What are the 2 types of blood vessels and explain them
Arteries: Carry blood away front the heart to the cells
Veins: carry blood toward the Heart
What are the 3 types of functions of the cardiovascular system
#1: carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body #2: removes carbon dioxide and waste #3: transports chemicals assisting in the growth, maintenance and repair of the body’s tissue and resistance against disease
