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10 Sport Science > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system?

A 
Support
Protection
Movement 
Storage 
Production of red blood cells
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2
Q

What is support? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)

A

The skeleton provides a framework for your body shape

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3
Q

What is movement? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)

A

The bones act as leavers when the muscles work in pairs

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4
Q

What is protection? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)

A

The skeleton protects internal organs such as your heart, lungs and the brain

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5
Q

What is storage? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)

A

Bones store minerals such as calcium phosphorus and small amounts of magnesium, chloride and sodium

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6
Q

What is the production of red blood cells? (in terms of functions of the skeletal system)

A

RBC are produced predominantly in the marrow (the soft tissue of the on the inside of long bones)

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7
Q

What are the 5 types of bones in the body ?

A 
Long
Short 
Flat 
Irregular 
Sesamoid
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8
Q

What are long bones?

A

Support weight and allows movement (humours, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibular, phalanges)

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9
Q

What are short bones ?

A

Provides stability and some movement (carpals and tarsals)

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10
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Protects vital organs (ribs, sternum, pelvis)

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11
Q

What are irregular bones?

A

Complex shape which helps with protection (vertebrae)

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12
Q

What are sesamoid bones?

A

Bones found in tendons (patella)

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13
Q

What is the head?

A

Skull

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14
Q

What is the shoulders

A

Clavicle

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15
Q

What are your shoulder blade

A

Scapular

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16
Q

What is the top of your forearm

A

Radius

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17
Q

What is the bottom of your forearm

A

Ulna

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18
Q

What is your wrist

A

Carpals

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19
Q

What is your hand

A

Metacarpals

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20
Q

What are your fingers

A

Phalanges

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21
Q

What is your thigh

A

Femur

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22
Q

What is your knee

A

Patella

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23
Q

What is your shin

A

Tibia

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24
Q

What is your calf

A

Fibula

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25
Q

What are your ankles

A

Tarsals

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26
Q

What are your feet

A

Metatarsals

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27
Q

What are your toes

A

Phalanges

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28
Q

What are the three types of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

29
Q

What is the fibrous joint

A

No movement from example the skull

30
Q

What is the cartilaginous joint

A

Slightly moveable for example ribs and sternum, clavicle and sternum

31
Q

What is synovial joints

A

Freely move Able for example shoulder, knee, ankle, elbow

32
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints

A 
Gliding 
Hinge
Pivot 
Ball and socket
Saddle 
Ellipsoid
33
Q

What is the gliding joint in terms of synovial joints

A

Bones gliding along the surface of each other

34
Q

What is hinge joints in terms of synovial joints

A

Movement in one place - flexion an extension for example elbow and knee

35
Q

What is pivot joint in terms of synovial joints

A

Rotation of one bone around the other

36
Q

What is a Ellipsoid joint in terms of synovial joints

A

Allow shallow movement in all directions for example wrist ankle

37
Q

What is a saddle joint in terms of synovial joints

A

Allows shallow movement in all directions for example thumb

38
Q

What is a ball and socket joint in terms of synovial joints

A

Allows large movement in all directions for example hip and shoulders

39
Q

What are the 12 types of movements?

A 
Extension 
flexion 
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Rotation
Abduction 
Adduction 
Circumduction 
Pronation 
Supination 
Inversion
Eversion
40
Q

What is flexion

A

Decreasing the angle of a joint

41
Q

What is flexion

A

Increasing the angle of a joint

42
Q

What is abduction

A

Away from the middle of the body

43
Q

What is adduction

A

Towards the the middle of the body

44
Q

What is circumduction

A

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

45
Q

What is rotation

A

Movement of one bone around another

46
Q

What is pronation

A

Rotate palm downwards

47
Q

What is supination

A

Rotate palm upwards

48
Q

What is inversion

A

Sole o the foot points inwards

49
Q

What is eversion

A

Sole of the foot points outwards

50
Q

What is dorsiflexion

A

Points toe upwards

51
Q

What is plantarflexion

A

Points toe downwards

52
Q

What are the 3 major types of muscles

A

Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles
Skeletal muscles

53
Q

Where are skeletal muscles found

A

Found in the internal organs such as the intestines (involuntary muscles)

54
Q

Where are the cardiac muscles found

A

Found only in the heart ( involuntary - constantly working)

55
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Primary function is movement (voluntary muscles - under our control)

56
Q

What are the 3 functions of the muscles

A

Posture
movement
Maintaining homeostasis

57
Q

What is posture in terms of a function of muscles

A

Muscles and ligaments act to stabilise joints and maintaining an upright position

58
Q

What is movement in terms of a function of muscles

A

Contraction of muscles pulls on bones which allows movement to occur at joints

59
Q

What is maintaining homeostasis in terms of a function of muscles

A

Cardiac and smooth muscles work to maintain homeostasis within the body

60
Q

What are the 3 types of muscular contractions

A

Concentric contraction
Eccentric contraction
Isometric contraction

61
Q

What is concentric contraction

A

Results in shortening of the muscles length

62
Q

What is essential contraction

A

Results in lengthening of the muscle

63
Q

What is isometric contraction

A

Tension increases, but no change in muscle length or the joint angle

64
Q

What is gas exchange

A

Occurs in the lungs to remove CO2 from the blood and gives O2

65
Q

What are the 2 mechanics of breathing and explain them

A

Inhalation: intercostal muscles contract and diaphragm becomes flatter - increases volume of lungs
Exhalation: intercostal muscles relax and diaphragm becomes dome shaped - decrease volume of lungs

66
Q

What does the respiratory system do

A

Takes air from the atmosphere to be delivered to the blood

67
Q

What are the 2 types of blood vessels and explain them

A

Arteries: Carry blood away front the heart to the cells
Veins: carry blood toward the Heart

68
Q

What are the 3 types of functions of the cardiovascular system

A 
#1: carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body 
#2: removes carbon dioxide and waste 
#3: transports chemicals assisting in the growth, maintenance and repair of the body’s tissue and resistance against disease

10 Sport Science (1 decks)

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