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Pharm II > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Evolution of anesthesia

A

Inhalation -> local and regional -> IV

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2
Q

Ether was produced in _

Ether was first demonstrated in _ by _

A

1540

1846 by Morton

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3
Q

Chloroform was first used in _ by _

A

1847 by Coyote

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4
Q

Nitrous was first used for dental extractions in _ by _

A

1844 by Horace Wells

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5
Q

Problem with ether and cyclopropane?

A

High combustion

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6
Q

In the _ (decade), fluoridated hydrocarbon use was started. 4 first were:

A 
1950s
Halothane
Methoxyflurane
Enflurane
Isoflurane
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7
Q

Two new inhalational agents that are the most popular

A

Desflurane

Sevoflurane (most popular)

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8
Q

Cocaine was used as an eye anesthetic in _ by _

A

1884 by Koller

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9
Q

Lidocaine was invented in _ by _

A

1947 by Lofgren

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10
Q

First and most common IV induction drug was first used by _ in the year _

A

Lundy and waters in 1934

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11
Q

Most popular IV induction drug: _, first used in _

A

Propofol

1986

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12
Q

Succinylcholine was first introduced in _

A

1949

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13
Q

Things you have to monitor in moderate/deep/GA

A 
Consciousness
Pulse oximetry
End-tidal CO2
BP, HR, ECG
Temp
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14
Q

Most important airway management object

A

Yankauer suction

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15
Q

4 things that can go wrong with airway management

A

Apnea
Obstruction
Laryngospasm
Bronchspasm

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16
Q

Laryngospasm

A

Closure of vocal cords preventing breathing caused by irritation of cords

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17
Q

Child emergencies most often involve _

A

Respiratory compromise

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18
Q

Ventilation vs oxygenation

A

Ventilation: mvmnt of air in and out of lungs
Oxygenation: transport of oxygen to metabolically active tissues (brain)

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19
Q

Chloral hydrate:
Class
Effects

A

Hypnotic

Disinhibition, anger, sedative

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20
Q

Meperidine:
Class
Effects

A

Narcotic

Euphoria, analgesia

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21
Q

Midazolam
Class
Effects
Onset

A

Benzodiazepine
Mood change, relaxation
Fast onset, short duration

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22
Q

IV needle should be placed at what angle

A

20-30˚

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23
Q

How do benzodiazepines work

A

GABA agonists

24
Q

Half life of Valium

A

Patient’s age

25
Q

What is used for a benzo reversal

A

Flumazenil

26
Q

Weird side effect of meperidine

A

Tachycardia

27
Q

Problem with meperidine

A

Active metabolite is a neurotoxin

28
Q

What is promethazine

A

Sedative, anti-histamine, anti-emetic. Side effects motor restlessness and muscle contractions

29
Q

MAPK signaling is responsible (among others) for what two things

A

Mood regulation

Tolerance

30
Q

Opioid receptors have what kind of interactions

A

Protein-protein

31
Q

Major risk of fentanyl

A

Respiratory depression

32
Q

What is tramadol

A

Mu receptor agonist precursor

33
Q

4 benzodiazepines in dentistry

A

Diazepam
Midazolam
Lorazepam
Tirazolam

34
Q

_ has almost completely replaced diazepam (Valium) in clinical anesthesia use

A

Midazolam

35
Q

Ketamine:
Class
Route
Problems

A

Dissociative anesthetic
IV or IM
Can cause agitation or hallucinations, raises intracranial pressure

36
Q

Ambien, sonata and lunesta are what type of drug

A

Non benzo GABA agonists

37
Q

Naloxone Concerns

A

Duration is shorter than most opioids

Use in dependent patient may cause acute opioid withdrawal symptoms

38
Q

T/F resedation is possible after administering flumazenil with long acting bzds

A

TRUE

39
Q

Dangerous vs hazardous

A

Dangerous has a restrictive statement

Hazardous is carcinogenic, teratogenic or toxic

40
Q

Ohio law says a patient can have no more than _ days supply of opioid and _ for minors

A

7, 5

41
Q

No more than _ MED per day on average

A

30

42
Q

Moderate pain control

A

Ibuprofen before
Marciano
Toradol, decadron, ketamine

43
Q

Normal blood glucose

A

80-100 mg/dL

44
Q

If seizure lasts longer than 2 mins, do 4 things

A

100% O2
Midazolam 5mg IM
Prepare for BLS
Activate EMS

45
Q

Stable vs unstable chest pain

A

Stable: alleviated by nitroglycerin, not at rest, no increase, no new symptoms’

Unstable: nitroglycerin doesn’t help, occurs at rest, increases in pain, new symptoms

46
Q

When is nitroglycerin contraindicated

A

When taking ED drug

47
Q

Allergies are caused by _ activating _ and _ causing release of _ and _ causing _, _ and _

A

IgE activating Basophils and mast cells
causing release of histamine and leukotrienes
causing vasodilation, capillary permeability, bronchconstriction

48
Q 
Stages of anesthesia
I
II
III (1,2,3,4)
IV
A

I - normal
II - excitement
III - surgical anesthesia, constricted pupils, normal HR and RR
IV - death, fixed dilation

49
Q

Isoflurane

A

Pungeant, safe

50
Q

Sevoflurane

A

Most used, sweet

51
Q

Desflurane

A

Irritating to airway, used once asleep

52
Q

Higher blood/gas coefficient, the _ the onset of action

A

Slower

53
Q

The lower the blood/gas coefficient, the _ the onset

A

Faster

54
Q

What is MAC

A

Minimum alveolar concentration. Concentration required to prevent movement in 50% of people to surgical stimulus

55
Q

Order of Mac values

A

HIS DNo

Least -> most

56
Q

Dose of epi in epi-pen

A

0.15-0.3mg

57
Q

Most worrying thing in anaphylaxis

A

Hypotension

Pharm II (2 decks)

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