Test 1 Flashcards
population health
the outcomes of groups of people; socio-ecological framework; geographical; why are some ppl healthy and others not
population management
claims and beneficiary management; clinical integration, analytics, care coordination; reporting and measuring
population medicine
concerned with how care is designed, delivered and paid for to try and reach the triple aim aka high quality, cost effective, accessible health care for a defined patient population
medical model
focuses on individual, explores patho, attempts to find a cure, views risk factors of diseases, considers biology
public health model
focuses on populations, disease prevention and health promotion, views risk factors in terms of an individual social and ecological environment in addition to genetic make up, considers how political, economical, social, ecological and regulatory systems interact, proactive, well or preventative care
population health model
policies and programs; health factors (physical environment, social and economical factors, clinical care, health behaviors), health outcomes (length of life and quality of life)
synergistic approaches that integrate clinical and population models
accountable care organizations, patient centered medical homes, health ppl 2020, leading health indicators
what is healthy ppl 2020
national agenda that communicates a vision for improving health and achieving health equity; grounded in science and data used for developing health budgets and allocating resources to achieving national health priorities
goals of heathy ppl 2020
attain higher-quality, longer lives free of preventable diseases, disability, injury, premature death; achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups, create social and physical environments that promote good health for all, promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages
leading health indicators
a subset of healthy ppl measures, critical health issues that will dramatically reduce the leading cause of preventable deaths and illnesses, intended to motivate action and improve health of the entire population
practice guidelines
statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review o evidence and an assessment of the benefits with alternative care options; directions of principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis therapy or related clinical circumstances
why are practice guidelines needed
to improve quality of healthcare (encouraging appropriate use of therapies), provide direction for disease state treatment based upon available evidence; reduce professional liability, identify alternative treatments, provide consistent treatment across environments, decrease costs
how are practice guidelines developed
a topic is identified for publication (high prevalence, high frequency / severity of associated morbidity or mortality, high quality evidence for the efficacy of treatments that reduce morbidity and mortality, feasibility of implementation of the treatment based on expertise and other resources required, potential cost effectiveness, evidence that current practice is not optimal, availability of personnel, expertise, and resources to develop and implement the practice guideline); solicitation of individual group or organization to draft a guideline, define the clinical question, determine criteria, systematic literature analysis conducted, synthesis of evidence, consensus, grade recommendations, draft and review panels evaluate draft, approval of practice guidelines, revise, create tools for implementation
level 1 practice guideline
systematic review or meta analysis of all randomized controlled trials or evidence based clinical practice guideline based on systematic review of randomized clinical trial
level 2 practice guideline
evidence from at least one well designed randomized clinical trial
level 3 practice guideline
evidence from a well designed controlled trial without randomization
level 4 practice guideline
evidence from a well designed case control and cohort studies
level 5 practice guideline
evidence fro a systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies
grade of practice guidelines
grades of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation
gold guideline
A, B, C, D
agree practice guideline
the appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation
how do you locate practice guidelines
pubmed, national guideline clearinghouse, agency for healthcare research and quality, cochrane database of systematic reviews, american college of chest physicians, american heart association, american diabetes association, infectious disease society of america
single payer health insurance
one institution purchases all of the care, but the institution (government) does not pay the providers, own the hospitals, or the technology (ex. France and the US)
socialized medicine
the institution (government) owns the means of providing health care. a government pays the providers, owns the hospitals, or the technology. (UK national health service and US veterans health administration)