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PSYCH 111 - BYU Jones > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

Test 1 review material

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1
Q

Wundt

A

(1870s) Founding father of modern psychology, first lab, textbooks, classes.

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2
Q

Titchener

A

Student of Wundt, brought America: Structuralism - Description of the elements of conscious experience (thoughts).

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3
Q

James

A

Functionalism - Description of the utility of consciousness (mind vs surroundings).

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4
Q

Washburn

A

First female Phd.

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5
Q

Sumner

A

First African-american Phd.

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6
Q

Watson, Skinner, Pavlov

A

Behaviorism - Study of behavior.

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7
Q

Werteimer

A

Gestalt Psychology - Study of the unity of experience (looking at the whole).

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8
Q

Freud

A

Psychoanalysis - Relationship of physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli.

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9
Q

Popper

A

Falsifiable hypothesis needed to progress knowledge.

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10
Q

Type I error

A

Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (false positive).

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11
Q

Type II error

A

Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false (false negative).

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12
Q

Null hypopthesis

A

No relationship between variables.

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13
Q

Sources of information

A

Traditional, anecdotal, intuition, authority, empiricism, reason.

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14
Q

Good experiment qualities

A

Random assignment, no experiment bias/effect, double-blind.

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15
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

Defines relationship between variables (confidence interval).

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16
Q

Case studies vs qualitative studies

A

Studies on the individual vs studies without numerical data.

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17
Q

Exact replication

A

Copying an earlier study exactly to see if the results are consistent. Similar results = accurate findings.

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18
Q

Conceptual replication

A

Copying an earlier study (w/ dif methods) to see if the results can be generalized. Similar findings = findings can be generalized.

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19
Q

Percentage of studies that can be replicated

A

36%

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20
Q

Priming

A

Exposing people to stimulus that makes certain thoughts/feelings/behaviors more noticeable/prominent.

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21
Q

Replication crisis

A

Type I errors, false positives.

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22
Q

4 main objectives of science

A

Describe, explain, predict, explain, control.

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23
Q

Scientific approach

A

1) Perceive the Question, 2) Form a Hypothesis, 3) Test the Hypothesis, 4) Draw Conclusions, 5) Report Results.

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24
Q

Twin studies

A

Comparison of the similarity of identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins.

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25
Q

Adoption studies

A

Comparison of adopted children to their adoptive and biological parents.

26
Q

Heritability coefficient

A

Measures how strongly differences among individuals for a trait are related to differences among their genes.

27
Q

Ethics

A

Informed consent, confidentiality, privacy, benefits, deception.

28
Q

Experimenter effect

A

When the experimenter’s expectations unintentionally influence the result.

29
Q

Dendrite

A

Neuron part that extends away from the cell body; main input of the neuron.

30
Q

Axon

A

Neuron part that extends off the soma, splitting to connect with other neurons; main output of the neuron.

31
Q

Soma

A

Neuron cell body that contains the nucleus, genetic information, and directs protein synthesis.

32
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty tissue that insulates axons for conduction of electrical impulses among neurons.

33
Q

Synapse

A

Junction between the presynaptic terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite/axon/ or soma of another postsynaptic neuron.

34
Q

Synaptic gap

A

Space between the presynaptic terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite/axon/ or soma of another postsynaptic neuron.

35
Q

Brain stem

A

Trunk of the brain.

36
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bundle of nerve cells that connect the hemispheres of the brain for communication (split brain patient has this severed)

37
Q

Cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex containing the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes.

38
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for motor output, planning, language, judgement, decision-making.

39
Q

Broca’s area

A

Frontal lobe area of left hemisphere used in language production.

40
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Responsible for sensations, visual attention, integrating the senses.

41
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Responsible for vision.

42
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Responsible for vision, auditory processing, memory, and integrating vision and audition.

43
Q

Hindbrain

A

Medulla, pons, cerebellum.

44
Q

Medulla

A

Responsible for life sustaining functions.

45
Q

Pons

A

Responsible for sleeping, dreaming, left/right coordination, arousal, attention.

46
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible for involuntary, rapid, and fine motor movements.

47
Q

Limbic system

A

Responsible for emotions/aversion/gratification (thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate cortex).

48
Q

Thalamus

A

Responsible for senses.

49
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Responsible for motivational behavior.

50
Q

Hippocampus

A

Responsible for long-term and short-term memory.

51
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for fear

52
Q

Cingulate cortex

A

Emotional/cognitive processes.

53
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

All nerve cells that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.

54
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Responsible for processing sensory information and controls voluntary muscle movement.

55
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Responsible for heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, urination, and sexual arousal (contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems).

56
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Responsible for fight-flight response.

57
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Responsible for rest-digest mode of the body.

58
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging - fMRI

A

Infers brain activity by measuring changes of O2 levels in the blood.

59
Q

Diffuse Optical Imaging - DOI

A

Infers brain activity by measuring changes in light as it passes through the skull and surface of the brain.

60
Q

Electroenecephalography - EEG

A

Measures electrical brain activity via electrodes on the scalp.

PSYCH 111 - BYU Jones (1 decks)

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