Test 1 Flashcards
Leeuwenhoek
Used microscope to see microorganisms.
• first saw bacteria
Needham
In favor of spontaneous generation
Spallanzani
Reported results that contradicted needham findings which were in favor of spontaneous generation
Pasteur
Used swan necked flasks that remained free of microbes disproved the theory definitively.
4 things to know him by:
Swan necked flasks, flasks opened, proved the spontaneous generation was false, fermentation
Koch
Etiology, the study of the causation of disease.
Buchner
Demonstrated the presence of enzymes, cell produced proteins that promote chemical reactions such as fermentation.
Biochemistry- study of metabolism
Gram
Developed staining techniques involving application of a series of dyes that leave some microbes purple and some pink.
Gram stain: gram positive and gram negative
Semmelweis
Hand washing
Nightingale
Founder of modern nursing
Lister
Use of chemicals on surgical
Chemicals to kill Bacteria
Chemotherapy- treating chemicals
Snow
Cholera epidimic
Epidemiology- study of occurrence, distribution, and spread of disease in humans
Jenner
First vaccine
Immunology- body’s specific defenses against pathogens
Smallpox, virus
Kochs postulates
- The suspected causative agent must be found in every case of the disease and be absent from healthy host.
- The agent much be isolated and grown outside the host
- When the agent is introduced into a healthy, susceptible host, the host must get the disease
- The same agent must be reisolated from the disease experimental host
Fermentation, who did experiments to prove it?
Chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms.
The process of fermentation involved in the making of beer, wine, and liquor, in which sugars are converted to ethyl alcohol
•Pasteur proved it
Enzymes, what do they do?
- protein catalysts in cells
- biological molecules(typically protein) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions
In favor of spontaneous generation
Aristotle
Needham
Against: Redi, spallanzani, Pasteur
Spontaneous generation- living things originate from non living
Spontaneous generation
Living things originate from non living things.
Proposed by Aristotle
Redi
Against spontaneous generation
Pasteur experiments
4 questions
- Is spontaneous generation possible?
- Fermentation?
- Disease causing?
- Preventing infection/disease?
•swan neck flasks, flasks opened, proved the spontaneous generation was false, fermentation: by microbes
Facultative anarobes
Microorganisms which can live with or without oxygen
Biochemistry
The study of metabolism.
Microbial genetics
The study of inheritance in microorganisms.
Molecular biology
Combines aspects of biochemistry, cell biology, and genetics to explain cell function at the molecular level. Genome sequencing
Recombinant DNA technology- genetic engineering
Involved the manipulation of genes in microbes, plants, and animals for practical applications, such as the development of pest resistant crops and the treatment of disease.