test 1 Flashcards
what is net heating value
Both the Beattie-Bridgeman equation and the Beattie modification have been used with good accuracy at __________.
what is the equation for the The Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation of State
what is the equation for Apparent Molecular Weight of a Gas Mixture
how do you calculate reservoir content when Separator compositions known when separator gas yiSP and separator liquid compositions xiSP are known
how do you calcualte the percent mole of gas or liquid from the phase diagram of a two component mixture
what does yj represent in Dalton’s law of partial pressures
what are the properties of wet gases
what is the general formula for cycloalkanes
what are some other names for van der waals equation of state
what are the mixing rules for SRK and PR equation of states
how do you calculate the formation volume factor of a wet gas if the surface compositions are known
which constants must be derived experimentally in the The Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation of State
what does the wet gas phase diagram look like
liquid gas two phase lines for two component mixtures are what shape
where do separator conditions lie well within the phase envelope of black oil
The compressibility factors for natural gases have been correlated using __________
what is a phenyl group
The crude oil in Figure 2-30 contains 35 mole percent CH4 . Will all mixtures of this oil and carbon dioxide be single phase (miscible) ?
Production information usually will _______the type of fluid in the reservoir
indicate
what is the joule thomson effect
how is the viscocity of gas mixtures calculated
what is the triple point
Solid, liquid, and gas coexist
how do you calculate reservori content when when separator gas yiSP and stock tank compositions (xiSTO, yiST) are known (steps)
what are the different names of Cycloalkanes
name different types of phase diagrams
Types of phase diagrams for pure substance (Pressure-Temperature) (Pressure-Volume) or (Pressure-Density) (Temperature-Volume) or (Temperature-Density)
what are examples of alkenes
how do you calculate the heating value of an ideal gas and real gas
what are sulfur compounds in terms of petroleum
what does the The Law of Corresponding States for Pure Gases look like on a graph
The Coefficient of Isobaric Thermal Expansion of a Liquid, (beta)
what is ethylene
what is 2-methylpentane
how do the visocities of volitile oils compare to black oils
what is shrinkage factor
what is the The Law of Corresponding States for Gas Mixtures
what are some of the manipulatons of the van der waals equation
what is theThe Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, co when pressures are below the bubble point pressure
what do z factors look like on a chart
Critical temperature isotherm on a P-V diagram for a pure substance has a ________as it passes through the critical pressure.
what are the physical and chemical properties of aromatics (general)
what kind of bonds do aromatics have
describe the z factor as a function of pressure
what is avogadros law
name the types of alkanes in the classification of petroleum fluids (gasoline, kerosene, etc)
what is another name for alkynes
unsaturated
name some characteristics of retrograde gases
what are plant products
how are oxygen compounds built into petroleum
what is the second rule for naming alkanes
what are two tests to measure paraffin content of liquid.
what is the name of the governing body for naming hydrocarbons
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules
what is a diolefin
Values of compressibility are ______for volatile oils than for black oils
what is the Significance of Identifying Reservoir Fluids
- Determine the method of fluid sampling
- Dictate the types and sizes of surface equipment
- Determine the approaches to calculate oil and gas in place
- Determine techniques to predict oil and gas reserves
- Dictate the plan of depletion
- Determine selection of EOR method
what is the Peng-Robinson Equation of State
what are the names of common cycloalkanes
how are black oils identified in the field
what does the dry gas phase diagram look like
what is the Typical Shape of viscocity as a function of P for oil
what are the units used for plant products
how do you calculate reservoir content if the quantity and specific gravity of the stock-tank vent are not measured. and the second separator gas is unknown.
what is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity
what are aromatics
what are standard conditions
what is a mole
what defines aromatics
what is an equilibrium tie line
what is the equation for van der Waals’ Equation of State
what is the equation for The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, (co) in terms of (po)
what type of bond defines alkanes
single
what is heating value
what is the Coefficient of Viscosity Oil
what is the unit for interfacial tension
what is a pressure-composition diagram
what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon
describe ternary phase diagrams as a function of pressure
what is the formula for naming alkynes
what is the prefix and suffix of alkenes
Prefix : denotes the number of carbon atoms
Suffix –ene: classifies the compound as an alkene
how does B0 vary with P
what are the isotopes of carbon
Carbon has three isotopes: 12C, 13C, 14C
what is the formula for alkenes
What (3) factors caused the change in oil volume (from reservoir conditions to surface conditions)?
what is the coefficient of viscosity of gas
what is the formation volume factor of a wet gas
where does saturated oil lie on the black oil phase diagram
what is the reciprocal of gas formation volume factor
The reciprocal of the formation volume factor sometimes is called gas expansion factor
what is cloud point
Cloud point is the temperature at which paraffin wax begins to solidify and is identified by the onset of turbidity as the temperature is lowered.
Liquid-gas two-phase lines for pure substances are _______
what is a ternary diagram
what oil properties are used in reservoir engineering
how are Resins and Asphaltenes built into petroleum
what is phase behavior
how do you calculate gas specific gravity from a chart
If the reservoir temperature, T, lies between the critical temperature, Tc , and cricondentherm,Tct, of the reservoir fluid, the reservoir is classified as a ________________
retrograde gascondensate reservoir
what is a binary interaction coeffecient
what are different names for volatile oils
what is an example of a ethyne
what is the equation for Dalton’s law of partial pressures
what are some trivial names of aromatics
Dry gases, wet gases, and gases separated from black oils normally have specific gravities which lie within the range of
what are alkanes, their formula, and their prefix and suffix
What is the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of gas
where does retrograde condensation occur
how do the five reservoir fluids field identification results compare
what is the locus of critical points
what is the melting point line
Separates liquid from solid
physical properties are termed either ______ or _____
what is the fifth rule for naming alkanes
what is the vaporization process for retrograde gas
Phase diagrams change as _______changes
what is ethylbenzene
what are dry gases
how are hydrocarbons classified
how do you calculate percent mole of gas or liquid using a ternary diagram
how do the five reservoir fluids phase diagrams compare to each other when plotted seperately
what is the equation of state for an ideal gas
what defines Cycloalkenes and Cycloalkadienes
how do the gas viscocities of pure substances vary against each other
what are Cycloaliphatic Hydrocarbons
how does gas viscocity vary with temperature and pressure
what is the unit for gas formation volume factor
what is another name of Cycloalkanoaromatics
how are puesdo-ternary phase diagrams grouped
when is van der waals equation of state accurate
Determine the compositions and quantities of gas and liquid when 6 lb moles of mixture of 50 mole% CH4 , 15 mole% C3H8 , and 35 mole% n-C5H12 are brought to equilibrium at 160 oF and 500 psia
what does the retrograde gas phase diagram look like
what type of bond is in alkynes
triple
what is p-xylene
how do you calculate the formation volume factor of a wet gas if the surface compositions are NOT known (general)
what is an equation of state
An equation which relates volume to pressure and temperature
what is toluene
what is interfacial tension
what does a/vm2 correct for in van der waals equation of state
Determine the compositions and quantities of gas and liquid formed when 3 lb moles of mixture of 70 mole% CH4 and 30 mole% C2H6 are brought to equilibrium at - 100 oF and 400 psia
what is the compressibility equation of state
what is the equation for Amagat’s Law of Partial Volume
what is the building block of organic chemistry
what is the typical Shape of co as a function of P
Retrograde gases and gases associated with volatile oils generally have specific gravities within what range
what is black oil
what is the heat of vaporization of the water of combustion.
what are the physical property categories of crude oils
how are the iso vols spaced in the volatile oil phase diagram
what are Resins & asphaltenes:
what is the gas formation volume factor
what is the law of The Law of Corresponding States for Pure Gases
what is the The Vapor-Pressure Line/Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium Curve
Separates liquid from gas
what is another name for aromatics
what is the sublimation line
Separates gas from solid
draw the structural formulas of methane, ethane, butane, n-butane, and iso-butane
• Phase behavior of reservoir and injected fluids is important for:
• Phase behavior of reservoir and injected fluids is important for:
oEnhanced oil recovery
oCompositional simulation
oGeochemical behavior
oWellbore stability
oGeothermal energy
oEnvironmental cleanup
oMultiphase flow in wellbores and pipes
oSurface facilities
what is the atomic mass number
• Atomic mass is the mass of an atom. • It is commonly expressed in unified atomic mass units (u) where by international agreement, 1 unified atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12 of the mass of a single carbon-12 atom (at rest). • For atoms, the protons and neutrons of the nucleus account for almost all of the mass, and the atomic mass measured in u has nearly the same value as the mass number. • The number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element’s mass number (protons + neutrons).
what are the units for kinematic viscocity
what are iso-vols or quality lines
what is charles’ law
what does yj represent in Amagat’s Law of Partial Volume
how is the The Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State used for gas mixtures
what is the composition of a dry gas reservoir
what are volatile oils
what oil properites are used in Production, EOR, Transportation…
what are Cycloalkanoaromatics
The Coefficient of Isobaric Thermal Expansion of a Liquid, (beta) in terms of density
what are two other names for alkanes
saturated
paraffin
what is boyle’s law
what is an olefin
what are the names of cycloalkanes
• Why don’t we use actual critical temperature and critical pressure instead of Pseudoreduced Temperature and Pseudoreduced pressure?
what defines wet gases
what is the atomic number
is the number of protons found in the nucleus. The atomic number uniquely identifies the element and distinguishes it from all other elements
Reservoir fluid type can be confirmed only by _________
observation in the lab
what does (b) correct for in van der waals equation of state
how do the phase diagrams of a one component mixture differ from a two component mixture
describe Pc and Tc
Upper limit of the vaporpressure line. At T>Tc, gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied. At P>Pc, liquid and gas cannot coexist.
what is a Cricondenbar
Highest pressure on the saturation envelope
what is Amagat’s Law of Partial Volume
what are the classifications of structural isomers
what are the mixtures rules for The Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation of State
what is the equation for thermal expanison of oil
Once the composition of reservoir gas is known, the estimation of _____ properties at reservoir condition follows the same procedure for _____
Once the composition of reservoir gas is known, the estimation of wet gas properties at reservoir condition follows the same procedure for dry gas
what is organic chemistry
how are Organo-metallic Compounds built into petroleum
what is the third rule for naming alkanes
what are the type of bonds in alkenes
double
condensate is very similar to _________
what is the Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, (co)
how do the reservoir fluid field identification results compare to each other
how is black oil identified in the lab
what is the equation for pseudocritical temperature and pseudocritical pressure
how do the compositions of the 5 reservoir fluids compare to each other
what is the fourth rule for naming alkanes
what is the molecular weight
• The molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the constituents of the molecule
Methane (CH4 ) molecular weight MW=12.01+ 4*1.01= 16.05
what are the general trends of the physical trends of alkanes
what is a covalent bond
what is the equation for Specific Gravity of a Gas Mixture
how does the presence of N2 affect the z factor
what is the first rule for naming alkanes
what is unsaturated oil in terms of the black oil phase diagram
where does unsaturated oil lie on the black oil phase diagram
how are retrograde gases identified in the field
what are interaction coefficients
what is the pitzer accentric factor
what happens if the pressure drops below the bubble point pressure for volatile oil
The formation volume factor may be multiplied by the _______ to find the volume of reservoir oil required to produce that volume of stock-tank oil
what are Alkadienes, Alkatrienes, and Alkatetraenes
what are the properties of a black oil reservoir
what is gross heating value
what is pour point
Pour point is the lowest temperature, expressed as a multiple of 5 oF, at which the liquid is observed to flow when cooled under prescribed conditions
what is n-heptane
what is the equation for The Coefficient of Isobaric Thermal Expansion of a Liquid, (beta) over large temperature ranges
what are different names of black oil
The name black oil is a misnomer since the color of this type of oil is not always black. This type of reservoir fluid has also been called low-shrinkage crude oil or ordinary oil.
how is volatile identified in the field
how are two component phase envelopes affected when one componts percent composition increases
what is a phase diagram
A phase diagram is a graph showing the limiting conditions for solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a single substance or of a mixture of substances while undergoing changes in pressure and temperature or in some other combination of variables, such as solubility and temperature.
what is retrograde condensation
• Retrograde condensation : the opposite of condensation, liquid condenses out of gas
what kind of bonds are in cycloalkanes
single
what are the chemical classifications of crude oils
what are condensed rings
what properites are analyzed in black oil and what are their applications
what are some recent development in equations of states
what is the bubble point
Bubble Point: The point that first bubble of gas comes out of liquid
name names of aromatics
what does the The Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State constants table look like
what are mercaptans in terms of petroleum
how is volatile oil identified in the lab
what are wet gases
what are the five branches of chemistry
Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry
how stable is a triple bond
Not stable as single bond Not found in naturally occurring petroleum fluids
what is an ionic bond
what is the chemical formula of benzene
how is gas formation factor calculated assuming real gases (steps)
If the reservoir temperature is greater than the critical temperature of the hydrocarbon fluid, the reservoir is considered a ________.
gas reservoir
what is cyclopentane
what do the five reservoir fluids compare to each other when they are plotted on the same phase diagram chart
how do liquid lines differ from gas lines
how do the bubble point and dew point differ for pure substances and two component phase diagrams
what are the steps for answering this problem
how can E be obtained when calculating the z factor when H2S and CO2 are present
what are two other names for alkenes
unsaturated
olefins
what three properties are used to identify reservoir fluids using production information
what is a Cricondentherm
Highest temperature on the saturation envelope
how do you calculate reservori content when when separator gas yiSP and stock tank compositions (xiSTO, yiST) are known (calculations)
what is a homologous series
what is the typical shape of c0 as a function of P
what are Two Ways to Develop the EOS of an Ideal Gas
- From experimental evidence
- From kinetic theory
how does the volatile oil phase diagram compare to the black oil phase diagram
how reactive are Cycloalkenes and Cycloalkadienes
The petroleum industry uses four adjectives to describe heating values:
how do Pseudo-critical properties need to be adjusted if CO2 and/or H2S exist?
what are ideal gas properties
- The volume occupied by molecules is insignificant comparing with the volume occupied by gas
- No attraction or repulsive forces between molecules or between molecules and the wall of container
- All collisions of molecules are perfectly elastic, that is, there’s no loss of internal energy upon collision.
Phase diagrams of reservoir fluids are similar to those of _______ mixtures
what are the 5 types of reservoir fluids
- Black Oil
- Volatile Oil
- Gas Condensate (Retrograde Gas)
- Wet Gas
- Dry Gas
what do you need to do to the surface gases and liquids to calculate the reservoir content
what are examples of chemical names of alkanes
what is another name for gas formation volume factor
Formation volume factor also is known as reservoir volume factor
how does the composition and specific gravity of dry gas differ at the surface and in the reservoir
what is the equation for the Redlich-Kwong Equation of State
what are the physical states of the classifications of alkanes
what is Oil formation volume factor
Oil formation volume factor is the quantity of reservoir liquid in barrels required to produce one stock-tank barrel
what is the dew point
Dew Point: The point that last drop of liquid remains (or first drop of liquid condenses out of gas)
what is a two-stage seperation setup
what are different names for retrograde gases
Retrograde gases are also called regrograde gas-condensates, retrograde condensate gases, gas condensates, or condensates.
name the names of alkynes
what is Dalton’s law of partial pressures
what are some other equations for the Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, co
what is a three stage seperation setup
how do you calculate reservoir content when gas composition is unknown (calculations)
what is the equation for the Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State
what is the saturation envelope
what is the Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK) Equation of State
what are alkyl sulfides in terms of petroleum
how does the gas formation volume factor compare to pressure (graphically)
what is cyclohexane
mean density passes through what point
what are the different points on a ternary diagram
what is the gas formation factor using real gas laws
