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petroleum fluid properties > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is net heating value

A
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2
Q

Both the Beattie-Bridgeman equation and the Beattie modification have been used with good accuracy at __________.

A
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3
Q

what is the equation for the The Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation of State

A
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4
Q

what is the equation for Apparent Molecular Weight of a Gas Mixture

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5
Q

how do you calculate reservoir content when Separator compositions known when separator gas yiSP and separator liquid compositions xiSP are known

A
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6
Q

how do you calcualte the percent mole of gas or liquid from the phase diagram of a two component mixture

A
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7
Q

what does yj represent in Dalton’s law of partial pressures

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8
Q

what are the properties of wet gases

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9
Q

what is the general formula for cycloalkanes

A
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10
Q

what are some other names for van der waals equation of state

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11
Q

what are the mixing rules for SRK and PR equation of states

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12
Q

how do you calculate the formation volume factor of a wet gas if the surface compositions are known

A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

which constants must be derived experimentally in the The Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation of State

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15
Q

what does the wet gas phase diagram look like

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16
Q

liquid gas two phase lines for two component mixtures are what shape

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17
Q

where do separator conditions lie well within the phase envelope of black oil

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18
Q

The compressibility factors for natural gases have been correlated using __________

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19
Q

what is a phenyl group

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20
Q

The crude oil in Figure 2-30 contains 35 mole percent CH4 . Will all mixtures of this oil and carbon dioxide be single phase (miscible) ?

A
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21
Q

Production information usually will _______the type of fluid in the reservoir

A

indicate

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22
Q

what is the joule thomson effect

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23
Q

how is the viscocity of gas mixtures calculated

A
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24
Q

what is the triple point

A

Solid, liquid, and gas coexist

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25
Q

how do you calculate reservori content when when separator gas yiSP and stock tank compositions (xiSTO, yiST) are known (steps)

A
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26
Q

what are the different names of Cycloalkanes

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27
Q

name different types of phase diagrams

A

Types of phase diagrams for pure substance  (Pressure-Temperature)  (Pressure-Volume) or (Pressure-Density)  (Temperature-Volume) or (Temperature-Density)

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28
Q

what are examples of alkenes

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29
Q

how do you calculate the heating value of an ideal gas and real gas

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30
Q

what are sulfur compounds in terms of petroleum

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31
Q

what does the The Law of Corresponding States for Pure Gases look like on a graph

A
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32
Q

The Coefficient of Isobaric Thermal Expansion of a Liquid, (beta)

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33
Q

what is ethylene

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34
Q

what is 2-methylpentane

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35
Q

how do the visocities of volitile oils compare to black oils

A
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36
Q
A
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37
Q

what is shrinkage factor

A
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38
Q

what is the The Law of Corresponding States for Gas Mixtures

A
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39
Q
A
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40
Q

what are some of the manipulatons of the van der waals equation

A
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41
Q

what is theThe Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, co when pressures are below the bubble point pressure

A
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42
Q

what do z factors look like on a chart

A
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43
Q
A
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44
Q

Critical temperature isotherm on a P-V diagram for a pure substance has a ________as it passes through the critical pressure.

A
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45
Q

what are the physical and chemical properties of aromatics (general)

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46
Q

what kind of bonds do aromatics have

A
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47
Q

describe the z factor as a function of pressure

A
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48
Q

what is avogadros law

A
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49
Q

name the types of alkanes in the classification of petroleum fluids (gasoline, kerosene, etc)

A
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50
Q

what is another name for alkynes

A

unsaturated

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51
Q

name some characteristics of retrograde gases

A
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52
Q

what are plant products

A
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53
Q

how are oxygen compounds built into petroleum

A
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54
Q

what is the second rule for naming alkanes

A
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55
Q

what are two tests to measure paraffin content of liquid.

A
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56
Q

what is the name of the governing body for naming hydrocarbons

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules

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57
Q

what is a diolefin

A
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58
Q

Values of compressibility are ______for volatile oils than for black oils

A
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59
Q
A
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60
Q

what is the Significance of Identifying Reservoir Fluids

A
  • Determine the method of fluid sampling
  • Dictate the types and sizes of surface equipment
  • Determine the approaches to calculate oil and gas in place
  • Determine techniques to predict oil and gas reserves
  • Dictate the plan of depletion
  • Determine selection of EOR method
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61
Q

what is the Peng-Robinson Equation of State

A
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62
Q

what are the names of common cycloalkanes

A
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63
Q

how are black oils identified in the field

A
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64
Q

what does the dry gas phase diagram look like

A
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65
Q

what is the Typical Shape of viscocity as a function of P for oil

A
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66
Q

what are the units used for plant products

A
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67
Q

how do you calculate reservoir content if the quantity and specific gravity of the stock-tank vent are not measured. and the second separator gas is unknown.

A
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68
Q

what is the difference between dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity

A
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69
Q

what are aromatics

A
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70
Q

what are standard conditions

A
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71
Q

what is a mole

A
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72
Q

what defines aromatics

A
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73
Q

what is an equilibrium tie line

A
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74
Q

what is the equation for van der Waals’ Equation of State

A
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75
Q

what is the equation for The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, (co) in terms of (po)

A
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76
Q

what type of bond defines alkanes

A

single

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77
Q

what is heating value

A
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78
Q

what is the Coefficient of Viscosity Oil

A
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79
Q

what is the unit for interfacial tension

A
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80
Q

what is a pressure-composition diagram

A
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81
Q

what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A
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82
Q

describe ternary phase diagrams as a function of pressure

A
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83
Q

what is the formula for naming alkynes

A
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84
Q

what is the prefix and suffix of alkenes

A

Prefix : denotes the number of carbon atoms

Suffix –ene: classifies the compound as an alkene

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85
Q

how does B0 vary with P

A
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86
Q

what are the isotopes of carbon

A

Carbon has three isotopes: 12C, 13C, 14C

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87
Q

what is the formula for alkenes

A
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88
Q

What (3) factors caused the change in oil volume (from reservoir conditions to surface conditions)?

A
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89
Q

what is the coefficient of viscosity of gas

A
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90
Q

what is the formation volume factor of a wet gas

A
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91
Q
A
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92
Q

where does saturated oil lie on the black oil phase diagram

A
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93
Q

what is the reciprocal of gas formation volume factor

A

The reciprocal of the formation volume factor sometimes is called gas expansion factor

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94
Q

what is cloud point

A

Cloud point is the temperature at which paraffin wax begins to solidify and is identified by the onset of turbidity as the temperature is lowered.

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95
Q

Liquid-gas two-phase lines for pure substances are _______

A
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96
Q

what is a ternary diagram

A
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97
Q

what oil properties are used in reservoir engineering

A
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98
Q

how are Resins and Asphaltenes built into petroleum

A
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99
Q
A
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100
Q

what is phase behavior

A
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101
Q

how do you calculate gas specific gravity from a chart

A
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102
Q
A
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103
Q

If the reservoir temperature, T, lies between the critical temperature, Tc , and cricondentherm,Tct, of the reservoir fluid, the reservoir is classified as a ________________

A

retrograde gascondensate reservoir

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104
Q

what is a binary interaction coeffecient

A
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105
Q

what are different names for volatile oils

A
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106
Q

what is an example of a ethyne

A
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107
Q
A
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108
Q

what is the equation for Dalton’s law of partial pressures

A
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109
Q

what are some trivial names of aromatics

A
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110
Q

Dry gases, wet gases, and gases separated from black oils normally have specific gravities which lie within the range of

A
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111
Q

what are alkanes, their formula, and their prefix and suffix

A
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112
Q

What is the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of gas

A
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113
Q

where does retrograde condensation occur

A
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114
Q

how do the five reservoir fluids field identification results compare

A
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115
Q

what is the locus of critical points

A
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116
Q

what is the melting point line

A

Separates liquid from solid

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117
Q

physical properties are termed either ______ or _____

A
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118
Q

what is the fifth rule for naming alkanes

A
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119
Q

what is the vaporization process for retrograde gas

A
120
Q

Phase diagrams change as _______changes

A
121
Q

what is ethylbenzene

A
122
Q

what are dry gases

A
123
Q

how are hydrocarbons classified

A
124
Q

how do you calculate percent mole of gas or liquid using a ternary diagram

A
125
Q

how do the five reservoir fluids phase diagrams compare to each other when plotted seperately

A
126
Q

what is the equation of state for an ideal gas

A
127
Q

what defines Cycloalkenes and Cycloalkadienes

A
128
Q

how do the gas viscocities of pure substances vary against each other

A
129
Q

what are Cycloaliphatic Hydrocarbons

A
130
Q
A
131
Q

how does gas viscocity vary with temperature and pressure

A
132
Q

what is the unit for gas formation volume factor

A
133
Q

what is another name of Cycloalkanoaromatics

A
134
Q

how are puesdo-ternary phase diagrams grouped

A
135
Q

when is van der waals equation of state accurate

A
136
Q
A
137
Q

Determine the compositions and quantities of gas and liquid when 6 lb moles of mixture of 50 mole% CH4 , 15 mole% C3H8 , and 35 mole% n-C5H12 are brought to equilibrium at 160 oF and 500 psia

A
138
Q

what does the retrograde gas phase diagram look like

A
139
Q

what type of bond is in alkynes

A

triple

140
Q

what is p-xylene

A
141
Q
A
142
Q

how do you calculate the formation volume factor of a wet gas if the surface compositions are NOT known (general)

A
143
Q

what is an equation of state

A

An equation which relates volume to pressure and temperature

144
Q

what is toluene

A
145
Q

what is interfacial tension

A
146
Q

what does a/vm2 correct for in van der waals equation of state

A
147
Q

Determine the compositions and quantities of gas and liquid formed when 3 lb moles of mixture of 70 mole% CH4 and 30 mole% C2H6 are brought to equilibrium at - 100 oF and 400 psia

A
148
Q

what is the compressibility equation of state

A
149
Q

what is the equation for Amagat’s Law of Partial Volume

A
150
Q

what is the building block of organic chemistry

A
151
Q

what is the typical Shape of co as a function of P

A
152
Q

Retrograde gases and gases associated with volatile oils generally have specific gravities within what range

A
153
Q

what is black oil

A
154
Q

what is the heat of vaporization of the water of combustion.

A
155
Q

what are the physical property categories of crude oils

A
156
Q

how are the iso vols spaced in the volatile oil phase diagram

A
157
Q

what are Resins & asphaltenes:

A
158
Q

what is the gas formation volume factor

A
159
Q

what is the law of The Law of Corresponding States for Pure Gases

A
160
Q

what is the The Vapor-Pressure Line/Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium Curve

A

Separates liquid from gas

161
Q

what is another name for aromatics

A
162
Q

what is the sublimation line

A

Separates gas from solid

163
Q

draw the structural formulas of methane, ethane, butane, n-butane, and iso-butane

A
164
Q

• Phase behavior of reservoir and injected fluids is important for:

A

• Phase behavior of reservoir and injected fluids is important for:

oEnhanced oil recovery

oCompositional simulation

oGeochemical behavior

oWellbore stability

oGeothermal energy

oEnvironmental cleanup

oMultiphase flow in wellbores and pipes

oSurface facilities

165
Q
A
166
Q

what is the atomic mass number

A

• Atomic mass is the mass of an atom. • It is commonly expressed in unified atomic mass units (u) where by international agreement, 1 unified atomic mass unit is defined as 1/12 of the mass of a single carbon-12 atom (at rest). • For atoms, the protons and neutrons of the nucleus account for almost all of the mass, and the atomic mass measured in u has nearly the same value as the mass number. • The number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element’s mass number (protons + neutrons).

167
Q

what are the units for kinematic viscocity

A
168
Q
A
169
Q

what are iso-vols or quality lines

A
170
Q

what is charles’ law

A
171
Q

what does yj represent in Amagat’s Law of Partial Volume

A
172
Q

how is the The Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State used for gas mixtures

A
173
Q

what is the composition of a dry gas reservoir

A
174
Q

what are volatile oils

A
175
Q

what oil properites are used in Production, EOR, Transportation…

A
176
Q

what are Cycloalkanoaromatics

A
177
Q

The Coefficient of Isobaric Thermal Expansion of a Liquid, (beta) in terms of density

A
178
Q

what are two other names for alkanes

A

saturated

paraffin

179
Q

what is boyle’s law

A
180
Q

what is an olefin

A
181
Q

what are the names of cycloalkanes

A
182
Q

• Why don’t we use actual critical temperature and critical pressure instead of Pseudoreduced Temperature and Pseudoreduced pressure?

A
183
Q

what defines wet gases

A
184
Q

what is the atomic number

A

 is the number of protons found in the nucleus. The atomic number uniquely identifies the element and distinguishes it from all other elements

185
Q

Reservoir fluid type can be confirmed only by _________

A

observation in the lab

186
Q

what does (b) correct for in van der waals equation of state

A
187
Q

how do the phase diagrams of a one component mixture differ from a two component mixture

A
188
Q

describe Pc and Tc

A

Upper limit of the vaporpressure line. At T>Tc, gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied. At P>Pc, liquid and gas cannot coexist.

189
Q

what is a Cricondenbar

A

Highest pressure on the saturation envelope

190
Q

what is Amagat’s Law of Partial Volume

A
191
Q

what are the classifications of structural isomers

A
192
Q

what are the mixtures rules for The Benedict-Webb-Rubin (BWR) Equation of State

A
193
Q

what is the equation for thermal expanison of oil

A
194
Q

Once the composition of reservoir gas is known, the estimation of _____ properties at reservoir condition follows the same procedure for _____

A

Once the composition of reservoir gas is known, the estimation of wet gas properties at reservoir condition follows the same procedure for dry gas

195
Q

what is organic chemistry

A
196
Q

how are Organo-metallic Compounds built into petroleum

A
197
Q

what is the third rule for naming alkanes

A
198
Q

what are the type of bonds in alkenes

A

double

199
Q

condensate is very similar to _________

A
200
Q

what is the Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, (co)

A
201
Q

how do the reservoir fluid field identification results compare to each other

A
202
Q

how is black oil identified in the lab

A
203
Q

what is the equation for pseudocritical temperature and pseudocritical pressure

A
204
Q

how do the compositions of the 5 reservoir fluids compare to each other

A
205
Q

what is the fourth rule for naming alkanes

A
206
Q

what is the molecular weight

A

• The molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of the constituents of the molecule

Methane (CH4 ) molecular weight MW=12.01+ 4*1.01= 16.05

207
Q

what are the general trends of the physical trends of alkanes

A
208
Q

what is a covalent bond

A
209
Q

what is the equation for Specific Gravity of a Gas Mixture

A
210
Q

how does the presence of N2 affect the z factor

A
211
Q

what is the first rule for naming alkanes

A
212
Q

what is unsaturated oil in terms of the black oil phase diagram

A
213
Q

where does unsaturated oil lie on the black oil phase diagram

A
214
Q

how are retrograde gases identified in the field

A
215
Q

what are interaction coefficients

A
216
Q

what is the pitzer accentric factor

A
217
Q
A
218
Q
A
219
Q

what happens if the pressure drops below the bubble point pressure for volatile oil

A
220
Q

The formation volume factor may be multiplied by the _______ to find the volume of reservoir oil required to produce that volume of stock-tank oil

A
221
Q

what are Alkadienes, Alkatrienes, and Alkatetraenes

A
222
Q

what are the properties of a black oil reservoir

A
223
Q

what is gross heating value

A
224
Q

what is pour point

A

Pour point is the lowest temperature, expressed as a multiple of 5 oF, at which the liquid is observed to flow when cooled under prescribed conditions

225
Q

what is n-heptane

A
226
Q

what is the equation for The Coefficient of Isobaric Thermal Expansion of a Liquid, (beta) over large temperature ranges

A
227
Q

what are different names of black oil

A

The name black oil is a misnomer since the color of this type of oil is not always black. This type of reservoir fluid has also been called low-shrinkage crude oil or ordinary oil.

228
Q

how is volatile identified in the field

A
229
Q

how are two component phase envelopes affected when one componts percent composition increases

A
230
Q

what is a phase diagram

A

A phase diagram is a graph showing the limiting conditions for solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a single substance or of a mixture of substances while undergoing changes in pressure and temperature or in some other combination of variables, such as solubility and temperature.

231
Q

what is retrograde condensation

A

• Retrograde condensation : the opposite of condensation, liquid condenses out of gas

232
Q

what kind of bonds are in cycloalkanes

A

single

233
Q

what are the chemical classifications of crude oils

A
234
Q

what are condensed rings

A
235
Q

what properites are analyzed in black oil and what are their applications

A
236
Q

what are some recent development in equations of states

A
237
Q

what is the bubble point

A

Bubble Point: The point that first bubble of gas comes out of liquid

238
Q

name names of aromatics

A
239
Q

what does the The Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State constants table look like

A
240
Q

what are mercaptans in terms of petroleum

A
241
Q

how is volatile oil identified in the lab

A
242
Q

what are wet gases

A
243
Q

what are the five branches of chemistry

A

Organic chemistry Inorganic chemistry Analytical chemistry Physical chemistry Biochemistry

244
Q

how stable is a triple bond

A

Not stable as single bond Not found in naturally occurring petroleum fluids

245
Q

what is an ionic bond

A
246
Q

what is the chemical formula of benzene

A
247
Q

how is gas formation factor calculated assuming real gases (steps)

A
248
Q

If the reservoir temperature is greater than the critical temperature of the hydrocarbon fluid, the reservoir is considered a ________.

A

gas reservoir

249
Q

what is cyclopentane

A
250
Q

what do the five reservoir fluids compare to each other when they are plotted on the same phase diagram chart

A
251
Q

how do liquid lines differ from gas lines

A
252
Q

how do the bubble point and dew point differ for pure substances and two component phase diagrams

A
253
Q

what are the steps for answering this problem

A
254
Q

how can E be obtained when calculating the z factor when H2S and CO2 are present

A
255
Q
A
256
Q

what are two other names for alkenes

A

unsaturated

olefins

257
Q

what three properties are used to identify reservoir fluids using production information

A
258
Q

what is a Cricondentherm

A

Highest temperature on the saturation envelope

259
Q

how do you calculate reservori content when when separator gas yiSP and stock tank compositions (xiSTO, yiST) are known (calculations)

A
260
Q

what is a homologous series

A
261
Q

what is the typical shape of c0 as a function of P

A
262
Q

what are Two Ways to Develop the EOS of an Ideal Gas

A
  1. From experimental evidence
  2. From kinetic theory
263
Q

how does the volatile oil phase diagram compare to the black oil phase diagram

A
264
Q

how reactive are Cycloalkenes and Cycloalkadienes

A
265
Q

The petroleum industry uses four adjectives to describe heating values:

A
266
Q

how do Pseudo-critical properties need to be adjusted if CO2 and/or H2S exist?

A
267
Q

what are ideal gas properties

A
  1. The volume occupied by molecules is insignificant comparing with the volume occupied by gas
  2. No attraction or repulsive forces between molecules or between molecules and the wall of container
  3. All collisions of molecules are perfectly elastic, that is, there’s no loss of internal energy upon collision.
268
Q

Phase diagrams of reservoir fluids are similar to those of _______ mixtures

A
269
Q

what are the 5 types of reservoir fluids

A
  • Black Oil
  • Volatile Oil
  • Gas Condensate (Retrograde Gas)
  • Wet Gas
  • Dry Gas
270
Q

what do you need to do to the surface gases and liquids to calculate the reservoir content

A
271
Q

what are examples of chemical names of alkanes

A
272
Q

what is another name for gas formation volume factor

A

Formation volume factor also is known as reservoir volume factor

273
Q

how does the composition and specific gravity of dry gas differ at the surface and in the reservoir

A
274
Q
A
275
Q

what is the equation for the Redlich-Kwong Equation of State

A
276
Q

what are the physical states of the classifications of alkanes

A
277
Q
A
278
Q

what is Oil formation volume factor

A

Oil formation volume factor is the quantity of reservoir liquid in barrels required to produce one stock-tank barrel

279
Q

what is the dew point

A

Dew Point: The point that last drop of liquid remains (or first drop of liquid condenses out of gas)

280
Q

what is a two-stage seperation setup

A
281
Q

what are different names for retrograde gases

A

Retrograde gases are also called regrograde gas-condensates, retrograde condensate gases, gas condensates, or condensates.

282
Q

name the names of alkynes

A
283
Q

what is Dalton’s law of partial pressures

A
284
Q

what are some other equations for the Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil, co

A
285
Q

what is a three stage seperation setup

A
286
Q

how do you calculate reservoir content when gas composition is unknown (calculations)

A
287
Q

what is the equation for the Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State

A
288
Q

what is the saturation envelope

A
289
Q

what is the Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK) Equation of State

A
290
Q

what are alkyl sulfides in terms of petroleum

A
291
Q

how does the gas formation volume factor compare to pressure (graphically)

A
292
Q

what is cyclohexane

A
293
Q

mean density passes through what point

A
294
Q

what are the different points on a ternary diagram

A
295
Q

what is the gas formation factor using real gas laws

A

petroleum fluid properties (1 decks)

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