test 1 Flashcards
memorize
epithelial cells produce antimicrobial substances, what + where
cryptidins- base of small intestine crypts
beta- defensins- skin
surfactants A/D- vaginal tract
what do lysozymes do
break down peptidoglycan + reveval lipid bilayer= destroyed (gram +)
order of complement path + which requires adaptive
alternative- lectin- classical (antibodies)
3 goals of complement pathway
1- produce chemotactant factors
2- opsonize
3- create complement attack complex
cleavage of 3a, 3b what does each do
3a- assists in inflammation
3b- opsonize, complement attack complex
what on healthy cells prevents complex formation
CD59
examples of fixed macrophages
reticular M, kupffer, perinonteal
neutrophil: how do they kill + too much of them could indicate what?
Netosis: spread DNA + suicice
bacterial infection
Eosinophil- what is the potent killer and what could it indicate if too much
Eosinophil peroxidase
could indicate parasitic infection
What do NK cells target
malignant, virally infected, antiody coates
types of NK cells
killer, healer, IFNg producer
what 2 death inductions by NK
receptor- mediated: receptor ligen interaction
release of toxic granules: perforin, granzyme
how do NK cells recognize to not kill
MHC- class 1 (all nucleated cells)
peptide mediated killing how
defensins go through membrane via charge
diff between PAMPs and DAMPs + example
PAMPs- external
DAMPS- internal- ATP, DNA
phagocytic receptors example
mannose, scavenger, complement
what are 4 PRRs recognizing DAMPs and PAMPs
NOD, TLRs, NLR, MBL
how does MBL bind
bacteria = unique sugar arrangement, binds with correct spacing
what do RIG-1 and MDA5 recognize
recognize RNA of diff lengths in cytoplasm (viral infection)
What is MAVs, what does it do
signaling protein, induces production of inflammatory cytokines via NF<b></b>
what do NOD receptors detect + what is activated
bacterial infections (inside cell), binding of ligand to NOD = recruitment of RIPK2 = NF<b></b>
what do NLRs sense
cellular damage + non-infectious source of inflammation
what are the 2 TLR paths, dependent on what?
NFkB (b)- MyD88 depend- inflamm cytokines
IRF-3 (v)- TRIF depend- Type 1 interferon
TLR-1, TLR-2
TLR-2, TLR-6
lipoprotein
TLR-3
double stranded RNA (V)
TLR-4
LPS
TLR-5
flagellin (B)
TLR-7, TLR-8
single-stranded RNA (V)
TLR-9
Bacteria (DNA)
what has direct antimicrobial activity (cytokines)
IFN-
what cell (T/B) requires pre-processing
T
MHC- class 1, what type of T cells, path,
CD8 T-cells, intracellular antigen, on all nucleated cells, endogenous path
MHC class 2
CD4 T cells, extracellular antigen, exogenous path, only expressed by profession APCs example dentritic cells
what activated T cells
dendritic cells
