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General Chemistry 1 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Density =

A

Mass
——-
Volume

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2
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

States that pure compounds always have the same elements in the same mass proportions

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3
Q

Solid

A

Fixed volume

Fixed shape

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4
Q

Liquid

A

Fixed volume

No fixed shape

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5
Q

Gas

A

No fixed volume

No fixed shape

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6
Q

Physical change

A

The state of matter is not changed

Ex) boiling, mixture

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7
Q

Chemical change

A

The state of matter changes

Ex) rust, baking

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8
Q

Intensive Physical Properties

A

Don’t depend on the amount

Ex) BP, density, color

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9
Q

Extensive Physical Properties

A

Depends on the amount

Ex) mass, volume, energy

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10
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

Equally mixed

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11
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

Unequally mixed

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12
Q

C -> K

A

K = C + 273.15

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13
Q

Precision

A

The values are close to each other

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14
Q

Accuracy

A

The mean of the values are close to the target

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15
Q

Significant Figures

A 
*/ least number of sig figs
\+- least number of decimal places
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16
Q

Kilo

A

1000

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17
Q

Hecto

A

100

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18
Q

Deca

A

10

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19
Q

Deci

A

.1

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20
Q

Centi

A

.01

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21
Q

Milli

A

.001

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22
Q

Micro

A

.000001

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23
Q

Proton

A

+ charge

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24
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons

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25
Q

Neurons

A 
Neutral charge
(Mass # - Atomic #)
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26
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms with same atomic number (protons) and a different mass number (neutrons)

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27
Q

Mass number

A

Protons and neutrons

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28
Q

Transition Metal

A

Middle group

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29
Q

Inner Transition Metal

A

Lower group

30
Q

Main-Group Elements

A

Everything but middle and bottom

31
Q

Alkaline Metal

A

Group 1

32
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals

A

Group 2

33
Q

Halogens

A

Group 7

34
Q

Noble Gas

A

Group 8

35
Q

Covalent Bonding

A

2 non metals

Sharing of electron pairs

36
Q

Ionic Bonding

A

Metal and non-metal

Attraction of oppositely charged ions

37
Q

Rutherford’s gold foil experiment

A

Alpha particles hit a gold foil sheet. Most particles weren’t scattered but some were at large angles!
ATOM HAS A SMALL AND DENSE NUCLEUS.

38
Q

Millikan oil drop experiment

A

Balanced the gravitational force of the negatively charged oil droplets. He determined the charge of electrons was a discrete value.
MASS TO CHARGE RATIO.

39
Q

JJ Thompson

A

Discovered cathode rays and the negatively charged electron and that atoms were not indivisible.
PLUM PUDDING MODEL

40
Q

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

A

Matter composed of indivisible atoms. (Proved wrong by JJ Thompson)
Elements are composed of 1 type of atom.
Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements in fixed proportions.
Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms in reacting substance.

41
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

When two elements combine to form more than one compound it is in the ratio of whole numbers.

42
Q

Plum pudding model

A

JJ Thompson electrons spread around an atom.

43
Q

Nuclear model

A

Rutherford electrons with small dense nucleus

44
Q

Chapter 6 Equations

A 
E_n = -R_H
          ——-
             n^2
V ¥ = c
E = h v
E = h c
      ——
        ¥
45
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation Properties

A

Wave-like

Particle-like

46
Q

EMR wave-like properties

A

Wavelength ¥

Frequency v

47
Q

Wavelength

A

¥ distance between each point in a cycle of the wave (m)

48
Q

Frequency

A

V number of wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (s^-1 Hz)

49
Q

Speed of Light

A

C = 3.00 * 10^8 m/s

50
Q

Radio

A

Lower energy
Lower frequency
Higher wavelength

51
Q

Gamma

A

Higher frequency
Higher energy
Lower wavelength

52
Q

Planck’s constant

A

h= 6.63*10^-34 Js
E = nhv
Vibrations have discrete energies

53
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

The ejection of electrons from the surface of metal by light.

54
Q

Rays

A

Gamma-xray-ultraviolent
Visible (purple, blue, green, yellow, red)
Infared-microwave-radio

55
Q

Rhydberg

A

R_H = 2.18*10^-18 J

56
Q

Bohr model

A

Small positively charged nucleus surrounded by electron shells orbiting the nucleus

57
Q

Absorption

A

Ground state to excited state

58
Q

Emission

A

Excited state to ground state

59
Q

De Broglie

A

Matter can exhibit wavelike properties
¥= h
—
mv

60
Q

n

A

Principle quantum number
n= 1,2,3…
Determines the energy of electron

61
Q

l

A

Angular momentum quantum number
l = n-1
Determines the shape

62
Q

m_l

A

Magnetic quantum number
m_l = -l to +l
Determines orientation of orbital

63
Q

m_s

A

Spin quantum number
m_s = +/- 1/2
Determines the spin

64
Q

Paramagnetic

A

Unpaired electron

65
Q

Diamagnetic

A

Paired electrons

66
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

No 2 electrons can be the same

67
Q

Building up principle

A

Orbitals are filled in order

Spd

68
Q

Hunds rule

A

Fill each subshell first before putting in opposite spin

69
Q

Uncertainty principle

A

The momentum and position cannot be determined at the same time

70
Q

Exceptions to Building up

A

D4 d9 f6 f13

General Chemistry 1 (3 decks)

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