Test 1 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Why study cognitive psychology?

Laypeople’s intuitions about cognition are frequently __.
Cognitive Psychology is a __.
Cognitive Psychology has __ and __ implications.
Cognition is not __. (__ don’t always match how well we actually remember and process.)

Answer

A

Incorrect

Science

Practical and policy

Intuitive

Intentions

Question 2

Q

What do Cognitive psychologists do?

__ research
__ research and __. Which entails anything humans __ with.

Answer

A

Basic

Applied

Consultancy

Interact

Question 3

Q

Most graduates do not get jobs in their __ (__% 1st job directly related to major, __% to degree.)

Answer

A

Major

27%

62.1%

Question 4

Q

What is Cognitive Psychology?

1) a __ of mental processes (attention, learning, memory forms, etc.)

2) a __ _ __ about how to study mental processes.
- a reaction to __’s denial of mental process.

Answer

A

Topic

Point of view

Behaviorism’s

Question 5

Q

__ approach became increasingly more popular than behavioral approach.

Answer

A

Cognitive

Question 6

Q

Wilhelm Wundt:background

born in __ and had an __ childhood.
his uncle got him into university and he transferred to work with __ Wilhelm __ Bunsen.
Wundt was his own research subject on effects of restricted __ intake on __ composition.

Answer

A

1832

Unhappy

Robert, von

Salt, urine

Question 7

Q

Wilhelm Wundt background continued:

Wundt establishes the 1st __ lab in __.
the lab does lots of __ and __ work.

Answer

A

Psychology, 1879

Sensation and perception

Question 8

Q

Structuralism: goal was to determine the __ or __ of __ experience.
-analogous to __’s search for the “__ __” of compounds.

-Physicists interested in __, psychologists in __ of __.

Answer

A

Elements or structure

Conscious

Chemistry’s

Building blocks

Wavelengths

Perception of wavelengths

Question 9

Q

Wundt’s Methodology:
Introspection
-not armchair speculation, more accurately “___ __-observation.”

-introspection included: self-__(not __), __ times, and word__.

Answer

A

experimental self-observation

- self-reports (not good), reaction times, and word association.

Question 10

Q

Criticism’s of Introspection:

__ thought controversy. (Can you think without __?)
different labs found different __.
Oswald __: thinking doesn’t require __.
Wundt and __: yes, it does. You’re not __ the right way.

Answer

A

Imageless

Imagery

Results

Kulpe

Imagery

Titchener

Introspecting

Question 11

Q

Imageless thought example

-what # do you think when you see 5 and 2? __ or __.

Can’t prove either response wrong.

Question 12

Q

Introspection is not a __ method to analyze the contents of the mind.

subjective reports can’t be __.
if Psychology is going to be a science, then it must have a __ method and __ data.

Answer

A

Valid

Verified

Verifiable, objective

Question 13

Q

Behaviorism:

John __:
said psychologists should only study __ events such as environmental __ and __.

-Theoretical goal is __ and __ of behavior.

Stimulus-Response (S-R): it should be possible to predict __ because each stimulus produces __ __. (Like Pavlov’s)
believed no __ processes play a role in a behavioral chain.

Answer

A

Watson

Observable

Stimuli and behavior

Predication and control

Behavior

1 response

Mental

Question 14

Q

Behaviorism’s Contributions and Criticism:

Pros:
-emphasis on \_\_ (observable data) 
-experimental \_\_.
-advances in \_\_ (and \_\_) learning 
Cons:
-ignores \_\_ and \_\_ influences. (2 examples) 
-stimulus-response(S-R) is overly \_\_.
-higher level \_\_ (reasoning and language) received less attention.

Answer

A

Objective

Rigor

Animal (and human)

Cognitive and biological (motivation, thought)

Simplistic

Cognition

Question 15

Q

Early heroes of the cognitive revolution:
Cognitive psych existed before it had a __.
-William __.
*father of __ psychology and a famous __.
-studied __ and __ memory (precursor to short and long term memory) and __.
-described ____ experiences (not introspection into component parts)
-functionalism: mental phenomenon have a __. Contrast to structuralism’s __ conceptions of human experience(Wundt and titchener).

Answer

A

Name

James

American, philosopher

Primary, secondary

Attention

Phenomenological

Purpose

Elemental

Question 16

Q

Herman __.

used scientific techniques to study __ and __.
used __ syllables (not tainted by length, familiarity, or meaning.)
the __ variable: __ of nonsense syllables recalled.
lots of __ variables. (__ experimental design).

Answer

A

Ebbinghaus

Memory and forgetting

Nonsense

Dependent, number

Independent

Good

Question 17

Q

Early Cognitivists:
Franciscus (F.C) __.

studied mental __ (how much time different mental processes took)
__ time as ___ dependent variable.

-used __ reaction time (press button when you see light) vs __ reaction time (press the button when you see the RED light).
They subtracted the 1st time from the 2nd time in order to see how long it takes people to __ (__ ms).

Answer

A

Danders

Chronometry

Reaction

Objective

Simple, choice

Discriminate (150ms)

Question 18

Q

Early Cognitivists:

Gestalt Psychology

the __ is other than the sum of parts.
more arguments against basic_-_ theories.
research on __ solving and __ thinking (e.g insight).
__ protocalls “talk Aloud”

Answer

A

Whole

S-R

Problem, creative

Verbal

Question 19

Q

E.C __ (behaviorist)
-__ learning: learning can occur, even without rewards.

Study: rats did maze best with better __. Group 1 got food rewards __. Group 2 __ received good reward. Group 3 didn’t receive a food reward until the __th day. Group 3 became very __ at the maze after receiving the food reward. (They knew it, just needed reward.)

Answer

A

Tolman

Latent

Rewards

Daily

Never

11th

Good

Question 20

Q

E.C Tolman: Cognitive maps

behaviorism predicts path 2 but rats use path 3 for block b (middle blocked).
the cognitive map is a type of __ __.
S-O-R Psychology: __-__ -__
use behavior to infer __ __.

Answer

A

Mental representation

Stimulus-organism-response

Mental state

Question 21

Q

Example of a behavioral chain:

squirrel doing __ __.
animals can be trained (shaped) to do complex __ __.

Answer

A

Obstacle course

Behavioral sequences

Question 22

Q

Behaviorists simplistic view on speech production:
-a sentence is a __ of __.

sentences are learned __ of __. (A __ elicits the 1st word, which serves as the __ for the 2nd word and so on.)
many behaviorists believed that __ and __ conditioning acquisit language.

Answer

A

Sequence, words

Chains, responses

Stimulus, stimulus

Classical, operant

Question 23

Q

Sentences consist of __.
-sentences are not formed by simply stringing __ together.

-rather, sentences have a __ design. Words are grouped into successively larger __ units called __.

Answer

A

Phrases

Words

Hierarchical

Structural

Phrases

Question 24

Q

Productivity of Language:
An __ number of sentences can be generated and understood with __ knowledge and resources.

Ex: colorless green ideas sleep furiously. (Brain tries to understand).

Poverty of the input: children’s sentence production abilities are too __ to be explained by only what they’ve __.

Answer

A

Infinite

Finite

Advanced

Heard

Question 25

Q

Linguistics contributions:
Human language:
- is a sophisticated, __ system that involves __ and __ of hierarchical phrase structures.
-is a __-governed system.
-is infinitely __.
-is __ and __ (rules for 1 skill (language) are located in a specific module than other skills (vision))

Answer

A

Hierarchical

Storage

Manipulation

Rule

Creative

Innate and modular

Question 26

Q

Contributions of computer science:

information processing approach: __ analogy to explain how the mind works.
__ , __ processes➡️ __.
programs specify “__ states” between input and output.
programs are __ (separate programs have different functions)
artificial intelligence: human thinking is a kind of symbol __; machines can be __. (Ex: chess, logic, algebra).

Answer

A

Computer

Input, internal processes➡️output

Internal

Modular

Manipulation

Intelligent

Question 27

Q

More computer science contributions:

__ distributed processing (PDP)/___ism ( __ at a time).
__ processing: everything worked on at __.
Use analogy of the __ system in which neurons are connected to each other, knowledge is __ through connections of nodes, excitatory/inhibitory links.

Answer

A

Parallel

Connectionism

One

Parallel

Once

Nervous

Distributed

Question 28

Q

Bayesian models of cognitive processes:
-bayesian= __

-based on __ reasoning (if..then) and __.

Ex: inferring __ relationships and categories.

Answer

A

Statistical

Conditional

Probabilities

Causal

Question 29

Q

Ulric __:

cognitive psychologist in __.
use __ to make inferences about __ states and __.
computer metaphor and information processing approach

Answer

A

Neisser

1967

Behavior

Mental

Processes

Question 30

Q

Psychology: A modern definition

-psychology is the science of __ and __ processes.

Behavior: anything an __ __.

Mental processes: __, __ experiences and states that we infer from __.

Answer

A

Behavior

Mental

Organism does

Internal, subjective

Behavior

Question 31

Q

Themes with arrival of new cognitive psychology:

1) cognitive processes are __ based.
- cognition is __ and __ (__ processing).

-__ and __ play a crucial role in memory and cognition.

Bottom up processing: __ data is processed (ex: __ rehearsal).

Top down processing: prior __ influences how we process __ information. (Ex: scripts)

Answer

A

Knowledge

Constructive, interpretative

Active

Experience and knowledge

Sensory, rote

Knowledge, process

Question 32

Q

Themes with arrival of new cognitive psychology continued:

2) inferring __ mechanisms.
- inference to the best __ -infer the __ cause of an __ event.

__ used in many sciences.
uses __ time, __, and __ evidence.

Answer

A

Hidden

Explanation

Hidden

Observed

Successfully

Reaction, mistakes, neurophysiological

Question 33

Q

Themes with arrival of new cognitive psychology continued:

3) The creative tension between __ and scientific __.
- ___: stay close to the __. (AKA __)
- scientific __: explain phenomena in terms of deeper __, even if they can’t be directly __.

Answer

A

Empiricism

Realism

Empiricism, observations, behaviorism

Scientific realism, Structure, observed

Question 34

Q

What is cognitive science?

cognitive science is the __ study of the __\__.

Cognitive mental processes: p__, r__, l__ understanding, l__, t__.

-frequently uses a __ (math) approach.

Answer

A

Interdisciplinary

Mind/brain

Perceiving, remembering, language understanding, learning, and thinking.

Computational

Question 35

Q

6 fields make up the __ aspect of cognitive science.

-they have overlapping areas of __, complimentary __, and converging __.

The fields are: __, __, __, __, __, __.

Answer

A

Interdisciplinary

Investigation, methods, evidence

Psychology, philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, anthropology, and AI (computer science)

Question 36

Q

Breakdown of 6 fields.

Psych: studies human/animal __ and __ processes
-__ method.

Examples: cognition, psycholinguistics, neuropsych, developmental psych, evolutionary psych.

Answer

A

Behavior and mental processes

Experimental

Question 37

Q

Breakdown of 6 fields.

Philosophy:
-asks __ questions.
Examples:
-what does it mean to be conscious, rational, intentional.
-when can you say you know something. What is truth, belief, and justification.
-reasoning (logic)

Methods: __ and __ analysis, __ experiments.

Answer

A

Big

Logical and conceptual analysis

Thought

Question 38

Q

Breakdown of 6 fields.

Neuroscience:
-studies ___ system.

grounded in ___ and __.
__ methods.

Answer

A

Nervous

Biology and biochemistry

Diverse

Question 39

Q

Breakdown of 6 fields.

Computer Science (AI):
-\_\_ and \_\_ approach to computation.

Computation: __ or __ that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to __.

Methods: computer __, analysis of __, and r___.

Answer

A

Scientific and practical

Process or algorithms

Information

Simulation, algorithms, robotics

Question 40

Q

Breakdown of 6 fields.

Linguistics (and music):
-studies the structures of human __, the nature of __ __, p__, and p__.

Methods: statistical __, __-linguistic__.

Answer

A

Languages

Language acquisition

Perception

Production

Analysis

Cross-linguistic comparison

Question 41

Q

Cognitive neuroscience:

Neuroscience and psych

-use of evidence from __ research to understand __ functioning.

Doctrine of Localization:
-specific __ areas control specific parts of the __.

Double dissociation:
-a complementary pattern involving 2 tasks in 2 patients with lesions in 2 different brain areas. Tasks a and b are __ and neurologically __.

Answer

A

Neurological

Cognitive

Brain, body

Modular, distinct

Question 42

Q

Functional MRI:

Insight into brain __ and __ in __ time. (Seconds)

blood __ level dependent.
__’s subtractive method.
__ challenges.
revolutionizes __ neuroscience.

Answer

A

Structure

Function

Real

Oxygen

Donder’s

Methodological

Cognitive

Question 43

Q

Akiro Haraguchi: memorized __ digits of pi

Autauro Toscanini: memorized __ scores

Answer

A

100,000

Musical

Question 44

Q

Defining memory:

memory is not one single __, it has several __.
records our __ and __-__ for moment to moment __.
memory does not have one single, c__, s__, or p__.

Answer

A

Thing

Functions

Experiences

Work-space

thoughts

Capacity, structure, or process

Question 45

Q

Definition of memory span:

the __ of items (letters, digits, etc..) you can __ in __.
measure of __/__-__ memory.
adult average= __.

Answer

A

Number

Remember

Order

Working/ short-term

7

Question 46

Q

Factors that impact memory span:

related items vs __ items.
concrete items vs __.
rhythmic presentation vs _ or __ presentation.
faster presentation vs __ presentation.
auditory presentation vs __ presentation.
short words vs __ words.
no distractions vs __.

Which side is long memory span, which is shorter?

Answer

A

Unrelated

Abstract

No or arrhythmic

Slower

Visual

Long

Distractions

Left side is longer, right side shorter

Question 47

Q

Terms from early computer processing influenced psych lingo:

Encoding: transformation of __ input that allows it to be entered into __.

Storage: the operation of __ info.

Retrieval: the process by which __ info is __ from memory.

Answer

A

Sensory, memory

Holding

Stored, extracted

Question 48

Q

Case Study S.F:
-digit span of _ but after 230+ hours of practice, S.F could reliably recall __ length sequences in order.

S.F. used a combination of __ and __ strategies.
-Chunking (__ strategy): chunking of groups of digits into __ units.
-Hierarchical Organization (__ strategy): organize the chunks into__.
Use the __ for retrieval cues.
Hierarchical organization is an example of __ __ __ processing.

Answer

A

8, 80

Encoding

Retrieval

Encoding

Meaningful

Retrieval

Groups

Hierarchy

Active top down processing

Question 49

Q

Evidence for hierarchical organization:

verbal protocalls: people __-__ (subjective) hierarchical retrieval of chunks.
behavioral evidence: people’s speech patterns during recall are normal __ a chunk, but slower __ chunks. (Objective)

Answer

A

self-report

- within, between

Question 50

Q

Information processing model:

Mind is like a __-it takes in information, changes it and creates an __.

Answer

A

Computer

Output

Question 51

Q

Multi store model:

ex of __ __.
_ memory stores with distinct: __, __, and __(format).

__ processes: rehearsal, elaboration, development of __ cues
-boxes and __.

Answer

A

Information processing

3

Capacity, duration, and code

Control

Retrieval

Arrows

Question 52

Q

Sensory store:
Information is held in a modality-specific __ until it is attended to or forgotten.

iconic:
Capacity: all __ input (for a short time)
Duration: .-. seconds.
Code (format): __

Echoic:
Capacity: all __ input (for a short time, length of a __.)
Duration: - seconds.
Code (format): __

Haptic:
Capacity: _ _ _
Duration: _ seconds.
Code (format): __.

Answer

A

Buffer

Sensory
-0.3-1.0 seconds
Vision

Sensory
Sentence
2-4 seconds
Auditory

TBD
2 seconds
Tactile

Question 53

Q

Evidence for Iconic Memory:

-__’s partial report paradigm and results.

Consisted of: fixation, letter array, blank field delay(length of time varied), cue tone, and report.
-longer delay time= __ right. Inferred that the __ memory sensory store only lasts . to . seconds.

Answer

A

Sperling’s

Less

Iconic

0.3 -1.0 seconds

Question 54

Q

Iconic memory and the brain:

Retina: cells not __ long enough.

Primary Visual Cortex: single V1 cell responses only ~__ ms. (As long as __).

Temporal Lobe: STS (__ __ __), neurons active in STS even after __ termination. (AKA this is where iconic memory takes place)

Answer

A

Active

25 ms

Stimulus

Superior temporal sulcus

Stimulus

Question 55

Q

Short term store (STS):
-You transfer information you paid attention to from the __ store into the __ __ __.

knowledge in the __ __ __ allows for active, __-__ processing of information in short term store.
limited __ span (__ capacity).

Answer

A

Sensory

Short term store

Long term store

Top-down

Memory (fixed)

Question 56

Q

STS (Working memory) capacity:

-“magical number” __+ or - __ items.

consistent limitations across a range of __ and experimental __:

perfect recall is difficult for lengths > _ or _.
span for numerals, letters, words is _ + or - _.
size of the __ matters.
better estimate: _ + or - _ chunks.

Answer

A

7 +or - 2 items

Stimuli

Paradigms

3 or 4

7 + or - 2

Chunk

4 + or - 1

Question 57

Q

Evidence for separate stores:
Why STM and LTM not just a general memory category

3 kinds of evidence for separate stores:

__ position curves in __ recall test.
__ patterns in memory span tasks.
__ evidence

Answer

A

Serial, free

Error

Neurological

Question 58

Q

Free recall test:
list of words (people, cotton, crown, season, round, paper, river, garage, chief) is read and then recalled in any order.

-people usually get __ words (primacy effect) and __ words (recency effect).

Primacy: __ __ __

Recent: __ __ __

Answer

A

1st words, last words

Long term store

Short term store

Question 59

Q

Evidence for LTS and STS from serial position curves:

-faster rates (talking) affect the __ portion of the curve (because of less __/__) but do not affect the __ portion.

Delay effects:

_ or _ second delay; count backwards by 3’s to prevent __.
this manipulation abolishes the __ effect but does not effect the __ effect.

Answer

A

Early

Rehearsal/primacy

Recency

10 or 30

Rehearsal

Recency

Primacy

Question 60

Q

How long does information last in STS?

might not be a matter of time
might be __ rather than __ decay.

Decay hypothesis: as __ passes, short term memory __.
-STM’s limited capacity may be due to __ decay: items just __ as time passes.

Alternative hypothesis is interference:
__ interference: new material “__” previously learned material.
__ interference: old material make it harder to __ subsequently learned material.

Most evidence favors the __ over __ __ hypothesis.

Answer

A

Interference

Passive

Time

Fades

Passive

Degrade

Retroactive, overwrites

Proactive, retrieve

Interference, passive decay

Question 61

Q

Brown Peterson Distractor Test:

Subjects count backwards by 3’s during the __ interval.
-the span drops precipitously because of __ __.

Answer

A

Retention

Retroactive interference

Question 62

Q

Loss of info from STS is mainly due to __ not decay.

Probe digit task: 519635147394
-last number is the __. What is the number __ the earlier mention of it?

__ in this example, 3 and 9 are the __ items.
there were fast and slow conditions.
__ should be more difficult because of more __ but it turned out that the number of __ items mattered, not the __.

Answer

A

Interference

Probe

After

7

Interfering

Slow, decay

Interfering, speed

Question 63

Q

Error patterns in STS vs LTS:

STS uses predominantly an __ code.
memory errors based on the __ confusability of the items, not the __ similarity. (E.g: confuse / or / rather than / or /.)
however, all 3 codes (__, __, and __) exist in STS.
LTS seems to use an __ code with an emphasis on __.

Answer

A

Auditory

Acoustic, visual

V/B or S/F rather than F/E or B/R

Visual, acoustic, and semantic

Elaborative, semantics

Question 64

Q

Neurological evidence for separate stores:

__ __ linked to STS/working memory.
__ __ linked to LTM

But it’s complicated, both can be activated during either __ term or __ term memory tasks.

__ __ damage can cause STM impairment.

Answer

A

Prefrontal cortex

Temporal lobes

Short, long

Temporal lobe

Answer 64

A

Codes

Gateway

LTM

Depth

Answer 65

A

Cognitive revolution

Primacy, recency, rehearsal, interference

Working

Answer 66

A

Level

Processing

Case, rhyme, sentence

Answer 67

A

Speech

Covert

LTM

MSM

Answer 68

A

Chunks

Embed

LTM

Answer 69

A

Limited

Storage and manipulation

Comprehension, learning, and reasoning.

Perceptual, LTM, ad-hoc

Active, short

Answer 70

A

Coordinates and controls

Slave

Phonological

Visuo-spatial

Episodic

Long term memory.

Answer 71

A

Working memory

Resources, goals, relevance, attention.

Answer 72

A

Updating: N-back, self-ordered
Tasks

Goals: Hanoi
To do

Switching: Wisconsin
Multi-tasking

Stimulus, response: stroop
UK

Answer 73

A

Situational
Ingrained
Conscious
Concurrent

Modifies
Prioritization

Parallel

Answer 74

A

2, implicit

Long term memory

Short term store

Faster

Longer

Suppression

Speech

Answer 75

A

Short

Long

1 vs 5

Capacity

Eliminated

Answer 76

A

Loud

Phonological loop

Answer 77

A

Visual

Spatial

Color, shape, and spatial info

Imagery

Baddeley’s

Respectable

Answer 78

A

Independent

Paradigms

Interference

Same

Different

Interfere

Answer 79

A

Single, temporary memory trace.

Episode

Long term memory

Answer 80

A

N-back

Wisconsin

Answer 81

A

Gage

Frontal lobe

Goal setting, planning, and inhibitory control

Completely

Dysexecutive

Answer 82

A

1/3

Working

Human

Answer 83

A

Goal, planning

Working

Task

Goals, planning

Working

Answer 84

A

Internal mental representation of info

Food

Answer 85

A

Short

PFC

Sustained

Stimulus

Answer 86

A

Working memory

Delay

PFC

Neurons

3

Delay

Directional

DLPFC

Answer 87

A

Stored

Goals/ planning

Switching

Working memory

Attention and inhibition

Central executive

Answer 88

A

Encoding, rehearsal, and retrieval

Phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 89

A

Working memory

Repetitions

Updating

10

Manipulation

Maintenance

Moved

Manipulation

Maintain

Moved

Answer 90

A

Dissociation

Answer 91

A

Coordinated

PFC

Brain

Reactivate

Answer 92

A

Abstract

Specific

Muscle

Strokes, double dissociations, brain imaging

Answer 93

A

One

Limitless
Indefinite
Semantic

Gist
Interfere
Simplistic

Answer 94

A

Working memory

Answer 95

A

Left to right:

Explicit (declarative) memory
Implicit memory

Episodic memory, semantic memory

Procedural memory, classical conditioning, priming

Answer 96

A

Verbalized

Autobiographical, experiences

Facts

Answer 97

A

1) episodic

2) semantic

Answer 98

A

Episodic
Single

Factual (semantic)
Repetition

Answer 99

A

Flexibly

Consciously

Answer 100

A

Episodes

Source

Answer 101

A

Consciously

Verbalize

Things, Motor
Mirror
Amnesia

Stimulus, response
Pavlov’s
Hippocampal

Intention 
Stimulus 
Faster 
Likely 
Gollins

Answer 102

A

Byproduct

Explicit (studying)

Answer 103

A

Answer 104

A

Controlled

Source

Answer 105

A

Equipotentiality

Equipotential

Function

Spread

Where

Damaged

Answer 106

A

Specialization

Anterograde
Language

Independent
Specific

Reflex

Answer 107

A

Correct

Specialists

Synapses

Areas

Equipotential

Orchestra

Answer 108

A

Incident

Ribot’s

Minutes/hours

Old

New

Explicit

Answer 109

A

Psychologically

Sexual

Disrupted

Traumatic

Identity

Few

Answer 110

A

Musician

Encephalitis

Retrograde and anterograde

Minute

Piano and cards

Answer 111

A

Molaison

Temporal lobes

Anterograde

Language

Long term, (short term) working memory

Digit

New

Gateway

Answer 112

A

Declarative

Non-declarative

Answer 113

A

Explicit/declarative

Implicit

Tracing

Priming

Classical

Temporal lobes

Cerebellum

Answer 114

A

Spared

3

Repetition

Impaired

Answer 115

A

Posterior

H.M

Autobiographical

Anterograde and retrograde

Semantic

Answer 116

A

Bottom up

Top down

Re(constructive)

Answer 117

A

Bottom up
Consciousness
Associations

Chunking, meaning

Trigrams

OrigTrials

RelearnTrials

Savings= (origTrials-RelearnTrials)/origTrials

Remembered

Retention

Answer 118

A

Savings= (10-4)/10

So 60% savings

Answer 119

A

Ebbinghaus’s

Perfect

Memory trace

Answer 120

A

Encoding

Recognition, recall

Distractor

Poor

Recall

Recognition

Answer 121

A

Spatial

Frequency

Temporal information

Frequency

Answer 122

A

Shorter

Syntax

Coherent and consequential

Reconstruction, retrieval

Answer 123

A

Concept

Cognitive

Organize/interpret

Answer 124

A

Elaborations

Details, schema

Remembering

Answer 125

A

Office stereotype/ schema

Schema, exceptions

Answer 126

A

Order and content

Actions

Order

Planning/ordering

Answer 127

A

Memory

Top-down

Knowledge

Episodic

Answer 128

A

Continuum

Knowledge

Left to right:

Bottom up

Top down

Answer 129

A

Accuracy and longevity

Deliberate

Answer 130

A

Shallow

Deep/semantic

Skip

Answer 131

A

Recall

Encoded

5
5

Meaning

Answer 132

A

Little

Processed

Memory

Answer 133

A

Meaning

Surface

Answer 134

A

Same

Meaningful

Memory

Answer 135

A

Deep (semantic)

Orienting

Answer 136

A

Shallow, deep

Appropriate

Answer 137

A

Congruent

Answer 138

A

Event

Interpreted

Knowledge

Answer 139

A

Request(s)

Cues

Environment

Trace

Event

Answer 140

A

Number

No

Provided

Encoding

Answer 141

A

Recognize

Prompt

Easier

Answer 142

A

Forgotten

Cues

Available, accessible

Answer 143

A

Encoded and stored

Encoded and stored, retrieved

Accessible

Answer 144

A

Physiological

Encoding

External

Internal

Answer 145

A

Matched

Congruent, incongruent

Cues

Answer 146

A

Encoding and retrieval

Answer 147

A

Physiological

Arousal

Similar

Answer 148

A

Subtractive method

Answer 149

A

Computer

Nervous system

Answer 150

A

Listening to part of a song’s melody

Answer 151

A

Retrieval

Answer 152

A

Controlled updating of short term memory

Answer 153

A

Automatic

Answer 154

A

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Answer 155

A

Episodic buffer

Answer 156

A

Repeated

Error

Answer 157

A

Manipulated

Measured

Answer 158

A

Frequency/intensity

Answer 159

A

Response

Stimulus

Answer 160

A

Subjective

Objective

Answer 161

A

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Large

Answer 162

A

PET scans and cerebral blood flow

Answer 163

A

The frontal lobe

Answer 164

A

The parietal lobe

Answer 165

A

Temporal lobe

Answer 166

A

The occipital lobe

Answer 167

A

Phonological loop

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Test 1 Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM