Test 1 Flashcards
Three domains of learning
cognitive, affective, psychomotor
cognitive domain
includes memory, recognition, understanding reasoning, application, and problem solving
thinking domain
affective domain
deals with expression of feeling and acceptance of attitudes, opinions, or values
feeling domain
psychomotor domain
integration of mental and muscular activity; requirements include necessary ability, sensory image, opportunity to practice
skills domain
Key words: cognitive
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
Key words: affective
receiving, responding, valuing, organization, characterization
Key words: psychomotor
perception, set, guided response, mechanism, complex overt, response, adaption, origination
Normal Na
135-145 mEg/L
Normal K+
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Normal Ca
8.5-10.5 mg/dL
Arterial blood pH normal
7.35-7.45
Normal pCO2
35-45 mmHg
Normal HCO3
22-26 mEq/L
Normal pO2
80-100 mmHg
Volume issues effect the…
Heart
Osmolarity issues affect the…
Brain
Volume deficit
Hypovolemia
Volume excess
Hypervolemia
1 kg
1000 mL
Low BUN, Na, and hematocrit
Fluid excess
-emia
In the blood
Crystalloids
Clear liquids
Colloids
Blood/ blood productsy
Chemical buffering system
Works in seconds
Lungs buffer system
Work in hours
Controlled by the medulla
Kidney buffering system
Works in days
If kidneys are failing…
Lungs compensate by increasing/ decreasing CO2 and pH
If lungs are failing…
Kidneys will compensate by decreasing total acid content
-osis
Process
Metabolic acidosis causes
Diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis (shock and exercise), renal failure, GI fistulas, shock.
Retention/ excess acid, hyperkalemia, severe diarrhea or prolonged vomiting
Metabolic acidosis symptoms
Hypercalcemia, N, V, D, abs pain, cold clammy skin, Kussmaul’s respirations
Kussmaul’s respiration
Rapid and deep breaths
Metabolic alkalosis causes
Hypocalcemia, bicarbonate excess, loss of hydrochloric acid, potassium depletion, and diuretic therapy
Metabolic alkalosis symptoms
Confusion, seizures, dizziness, shallow slow respirations, N, V, cramps, numbness and tingling
Respiratory acidosis causes
Hypoventilation, overdose sedatives, pulmonary embolism, sleep apnea, pneumonia, or respiratory failure
Respiratory acidosis symptoms
Dyspnea, disorientation, tachycardia, dysthymia, dizziness, headache, warm flushed skin, hypercalcemia
Respiratory alkalosis causes
Hyperventilation, anxiety, fear, pain, overstimulated respiratory center, or aspirin poisoning
Respiratory alkalosis symptoms
Nausea, vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels (dizziness, faint), spasms in fingers/ hands (decreased Ca ionization)