Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychopharmacology > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The effects of bipolar disorder

A

-Lifetime treatment no cure
-unstable, unpredictable
- high incidence of:
•broken marriages/remarriages
•unemployment/ Fire from job
• loss of relationships
• severe disability
• one of the most lethal psychiatric disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bipolar in children

A

-1% prevalence
- misdiagnosed, other disorders with mood instability
• ADHD
•reactive attachment
•anxiety
• PTSD
•brain damage
• abuse
•situational anxiety
• neurodevelopmental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bipolar onset

A
  • prepubertal children: 15%
  • teenagers up to 18: 35%
  • adults: 50%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bipolar symptoms in children

A
  • grandiosity
  • elevated/expansive mood
  • decreased need for sleep
  • flight of ideas
  • distracibility
  • pressured speech
  • increased activity
  • risk taking behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bipolar facts

A
  • affects .5-1.5% of the US population
  • strong heritable component
  • bipolar 1 equally in both gender
  • type II more common in females
  • rarely occurs after 50
  • can often occur in childhood; ADHD, ODD, unipolar depression.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Manic episode

A

At least one week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypomania episode

A

At least 4 days and does not impair social functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bipolar treatment

A
  • pharmacology is the first line of defense
  • inpatient/ outpatient
  • medication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Medication yet:

Agonist

A

Mimics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medication term:

Antagonist

A

Block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medication term:

Egodystonic

A

Aversive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Medication term:

Egosyntonic

A

Not aversive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Medication term:

Pathophysiology

A

The root of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medication terms:

Target symptoms

A

The target of medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medication terms

Toxicity

A

Toxic effects of medication on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Medication History

A
  • late 1800s: medical model
  • early/mid 1900: biological psychiatry halted, favored psychological explanations
  • 1960: renewed interest in biological psychiatry
  • 1970s: developed of new tranquilizers
  • 1980: movement from unidimensional models to integrated views
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Integrated Model

A
  • you can have a biological reasoning for a psychological functioning. i.e UTI in elders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Psychodynamic of pharmacological treatment

A
  • stimulas- response specificity
  • psychological factors that influence medication treatment, (genetic and personal meaning)
  • culture (metabolism, beliefs/tradition, perspectives, SES)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neuron/nerve cell

A
  • nucleus
  • dendrites
  • stimulus
  • cellbody
  • axon hillock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to the nerve cell when it gets activated

A

-a nerve cell is activated the dendrites get the signal and then activates the nerve cell then sends the neuro transmitters down the axon to the terminal buttons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Action Potential

A
  • presynaptic neuron
  • neurotransmitters
  • vesicles
  • cell membrane
  • synapse
  • postsynaptic neuron
  • receptor site
  • reuptake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Common Neurotransmitters

A
  • acetylcholine
  • dopamine
  • GABA
  • Neoepinephrine
  • serotonin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The nervous systems

A

-approx. 100 billion nerve cells/neurons in the brain

24
Q

Central nervous system

A
  • spinal cord
  • subcortical brain
  • cerebral cortex
25
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A
  • sensory nerves/ neurons

- motor nerves/ neurons (somatic, autonomic: sympathetic & parasympathetic)

26
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • sympathetic: fight or flight action, and adrenergic effects
  • parasympathetic: rest and digest, equilibrium, anticholinergic effects
27
Q

Acetycholine

A

-neurotransmitters of parasympathetic nervous stem

28
Q

Dopamine

A

controls brains reward system
-if malfunctioned can cause psychotic disorders,
, use antipsychotic and antidepressant meds

29
Q

GABA

A
  • anxiety states and chemical dependency

- meds used: antianxiety, alcohol and drugs, benzos, barbiturates

30
Q

Nerepinephrine

A
  • wakefulness, activity, mood, sympathetic nervous system,

- depression,

31
Q

serotonin

A

mood, sleep, inhibits pain,

  • leads to depression, headache, diarrhea, sexual dysfunction,
  • use SSRIS for meds
32
Q

pharmacology works by…

A
  • increasing: the amount of neurotransmitter produced by synaptic neurons and released into a synapse
  • blocking: the reuptake of a neurotransmitter produced by presynaptic neurons and released into a synapse
  • binding: to the receptor site on the postsynaptic neuron, disabling the activity of neurotransmitter present in the synapse
  • inhibiting: the enzymes that breakdown neurotransmitters
  • changing: the sensitivity of postsynaptic neurons to neurotransmitters
33
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A
  • body affects the drug
  • how the body moves or processes the drug
  • ADME: Abosroption, metabolism, distrubution, excretion
  • pharmacmological parameters: peak concentration, trough levels, half life, steady state, plasma levels, theraputic window
34
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A
  • how the drug affects the body
  • how the cell responses to the drug
  • start low go slow
  • risk-benefit ration
  • goal is to find the pharmacological profile that best fits the specific needs.
35
Q

5 primary effects of psychotropic medication

A
  1. Pharmacological effect/ the desired effect
    2. Side effects
    3. Idiosyncratic effects
    i. Very rare adverse effects such as death
    4. Allergic reactions
    Discontinuance syndrome
36
Q

When to refer for medication treatment

A
  • grief becomes clinical depression
  • MD had vegatative symptoms
  • MD has atypical symptoms
  • daily functioning impaired
  • suicidal impulses of psychotic symptoms
  • fails to respond to psychotherapy
37
Q

When to use antidepressants

A
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • PTSD
  • OCD
  • GAD
  • PMS
  • panic
  • bulimia
  • cocain craving
  • cmoking cessation
  • others
38
Q

Types of antidepressants

A 
-SSRIS
SNRIS
-TCA
-MAO
-Atypicals
-NRI
-Stimulants
39
Q

1st episode phase of treatment for depression

A
  • at the end of continuation phase, gradually reduce dose and discontinue use
40
Q

sexual dysfunction side effect

A

-wellbutrin, viagra

41
Q

weight gain, side effect

A
  • remeron
42
Q

2nd episode phase of treatment for depression

A
  • with risk factors: suggest lifelong medication

- without risk factors gradually discontinue

43
Q

3rd episode phase of treatment for depression

A
  • suggest lifelong medication
44
Q

Depression in children

A
  • possible precursor to future chronic depressive episodes or bipolar disorder
  • criteria met with fewer symptoms
  • manifest in irritability, anger, defiance, acting out, boredom, vegetative signs
  • SSRIs preferred, only prozac approved for kids over 8
  • start low and go slow
45
Q

Bipolar Medication regimens

A
  • multiple mood stabilizers
  • concurrent antidepressants
  • other adjunctive agents: benzodiazepines, antipsychotics
46
Q

Medication combination for manic episodes

A

lithium, valproate, or 2nd generation antipsychotic

47
Q

anxiety and agitation medication combinations

A

-mood stabilizers + antianxiety agents

48
Q

what is monotherapy

A
  • antidepressants no mood stabilizers
49
Q

treatment for bipolar 2/depressive

A

-mood stabilizers, and antidepressants

50
Q

medication for acute mania

A

-mood stabilizer + antipsychotic, remove antipsychotic when mania resolves

51
Q

lethality of lithium

A
  • death
  • coma
  • Vomiting or severe nausea
  • Coarse trembling of hands or legs
  • Frequent muscle twitching -such as pronounced jerking of arms or legs
  • Blurred vision
  • Marked dizziness
  • Difficulty walking
  • Slurred speech
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Swelling of the feet or lower –legs
52
Q

side affects for SSRIS

A 
Drowsiness.
Nausea.
Dry mouth.
Insomnia.
Diarrhea.
Nervousness, agitation or restlessness.
Dizziness.
Sexual problems
53
Q

common side affects of anti-depressants

A 
nausea.
increased appetite and weight gain.
loss of sexual desire and other sexual problems, such as erectile dysfunction and decreased orgasm.
fatigue and drowsiness.
insomnia.
dry mouth.
blurred vision.
constipation.
54
Q

common side affects for antipsychotics

A 
Drowsiness.
Dizziness.
Restlessness.
Weight gain (the risk is higher with some atypical antipsychotic medicines)
Dry mouth.
Constipation.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
55
Q

common side affects for mood stabilizers

A 
Drowsiness.
Dizziness.
Restlessness.
Weight gain (the risk is higher with some atypical antipsychotic medicines)
Dry mouth.
Constipation.
Nausea.
Vomiting.

Psychopharmacology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions