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Lab Practical 2 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the fire extinguisher?

A

Out the side door - past the beverage cart by the stairwell.

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2
Q

What are the seven bacterial cell shapes and arrangements?

A

Diplo - Strepto - Staphlo - Bacilli - Coccus - Spriochetes - Spirilum

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3
Q

What are the cell shape and arrangements of yeasts?

A

Yeasts are oval shaped and have either no arrangement or pseudohypae

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4
Q

Are yeasts much bigger than bacteria?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What do yeasts have in their cell walls?

A

chitan in wall

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6
Q

What is the significance of yeasts having chitan in their cell wall?

A

gram stain does not apply and won’t work

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7
Q

What is an example of a gram positive cell envelope?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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8
Q

What is an example of a gram negative cell envelope?

A

Escherichia coli

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9
Q

What is an example of an acid fast cell envelope?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

What is an example of an Endo spore former and capsule former?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

We use acid fast on what type of bacteria?

A

mycobacterium

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12
Q

When performing acid fast stains - what is used for the primary stain?

A

methylene blue

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13
Q

For acid fast stains - instead of regular alcohol we use what?

A

acid alcohol

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14
Q

Is heat involved with acid fast staining?

A

Yes - after the acid alcohol and before the counterstain - we use heat

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15
Q

For acid fast stains - what is used as the counterstain?

A

carbofusion

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16
Q

Why do we call it acid fast?

A

Because we use acid ALCOHOL to break down the cell wall to drive the dye in.

17
Q

What happens if we use acid alcohol on a gram stain instead of ethyl alcholy (the normal decolorizer)?

A

The acid alcohol is more powerful - so it will completely decolorize the purple out - so with the counterstain - you’ll end up with pink for your gram positive.

18
Q

What is the fundamental difference of acid fast cell envelopes?

A

It contains the waxy cell wall made of mycolic acid

19
Q

What is a medically significant acid fast cell?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

20
Q

What are the components of the SPORE STAIN and their function in the staining process?

A

Primary stain is malachite green and Counter stain is safranin

21
Q

What are the three ways spores are relevant in bacterial survival in the environment?

A

Spores helps the species to survive by: 1. protects against drying out 2. acts as food reserve because long chain sugars can be eaten 3. protects against radiation

22
Q

What is the relevance of spores in infection?

A

Easy for them to survive.

23
Q

Why is it easy for spores to survive in your body?

A

If they are in your body - it’s hard to kill them because you’d have to heat the body up so high - it would destruct the body.

24
Q

What is the relevance of spores in microbiology laboratory sterility?

A

Hard to kill spores if they get into the lab. We use them to test the autoclave

25
Q

What are the components of capsule stain and their function in the process?

A

India ink is a component - It is a simple stain and a negative stain

26
Q

What is the relevance of capsules in infection (not environment)?

A

Renders phagocytosis ineffective

27
Q

What are the effects of the temperature going up on cell function?

A

It the temp goes up - the enzymes denature

28
Q

What are the effects of the temperature going down on cell function?

A

If the temp goes down - they can’t reach the ACTIVATION ENERGY (they can’t do the things they need to do)

29
Q

What temperature do Thermophiles like?

A

heat

30
Q

What temperature do Pschyophiles like?

A

cold

31
Q

What temperature do Mesophiles like?

A

body temp

32
Q

Thermophiles heat range

A

20 C to 70 C - ideal is 50 C

33
Q

Psychrophiles heat range

A

go 0 C to 20 C - ideal is 15 C or lower

34
Q

Mesophiles heat range

A

go from 20-40 C - ideal is 37 C (body temp)

Lab Practical 2 (2 decks)

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