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Animal Nutrition > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

Learn about digestive anatomy and CHO

1
Q

T/F. A Calorie is the amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1g of water by 1°C

A

False. cal not Cal

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2
Q

T/F. A starch seed will be smaller than one that contains more lipid.

A

False

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3
Q

T/F a steer fed a grain diet will consume more carbs than a steer on a forage diet

A

False

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4
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

3 amino acids on a glycerol backbone

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5
Q

T/F. All fats are lipids, but not all lipids are fats.

A

True

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6
Q

How many amino acids of the 200 that exist, are used to synthesize protien?

A

20

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7
Q

T/F. Dogs dont experience insensible loss cince they dont sweat.

A

False. They pant, which lets them lose water from the lungs

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8
Q

Who is Antoine Lavoisier?

A

‘Father of Nutrition’ for development of bomb calorimeter

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9
Q

Carbs are synthesized via _____ in plants, and _____ in animals

A

Photosynthesis, gluconeogenesis

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10
Q

Carbs consist of ___ where n=__

A

CHO, 6

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11
Q

T/F. Cholesterol and waxes are examples of vitamins

A

False, lipids

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12
Q

Breakdown of insoluble molecules into compounfs capable of being absorbed into the blood

A

Digestion

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13
Q

T/F. Double bonds in saturated fatty acids cause kinks in the fatty acids

A

False. Cause kinks in unsaturated fatty acids

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14
Q

Glucose, frustose, lactose. Which is not a monosaccharide?

A

Lactose

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15
Q

Lipids are insoluble in water, but they are soluble in..

A

Organic solvents

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16
Q

What kind of linkage does maltose have?

A

Alpha linked glucose

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17
Q

Why are ruminants fed non-protien nitrogen (NPN)?

A

To meet their amino acid requirements

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18
Q

What elements are present in protiens?

A

C,H,O,N and sometimes S

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19
Q

Where do sweet taste buds tend to be located?

A

Tip of the tongue

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20
Q

What are the five tastes?

A

Sweet sour bitter salty and umami

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21
Q

A joule is a unit of energy that is roughly ____ of a calorie

A

1/4 th

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22
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E and K

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23
Q

Water lost from evaporation across the lungs is called..?

A

Insensable loss

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24
Q

Leafy greens and yeast are good sourses of..?

A

Water soluble vitamins

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25
Q

Define Cal or Kcal as it relates to animal nutrition

A

=1000 calories

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26
Q

What is umami, what foods are assisosiated with umami

A

Savory. Maybe high protien?

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27
Q

Do ruminants produce salivary amylase? Explain

A

Not technically but it is produced from the outside of the mouth on the muzzle

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28
Q

Describe size and purpose of the esophageal grove

A

About 2”. Channels milk in young ruminants straight to the abomasum

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29
Q

Explain lactose intolerence

A

It means you dont have many lactase enzymes and therefore cannot digest lactose efficiantly

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30
Q

Describe an evolutionary advantage of ruminants

A

They ruminate. Meaning that can eat as much as fast as they want to, and then rechew later.

31
Q

If a steer and horse were both fed oats, which would gain more weight

A

Horse. They digest grain before it gets to fermentation.

32
Q

What do steer feces look like and why

A

Smooth, runny. No particles. Due to rumination

33
Q

What do horse feces look like and why

A

Round, dry coarse. Lots of particles. Horses do not ruminate

34
Q

What do sheep feces look like and why

A

Round smooth pellets. No particles. Lambs ruminate but abdorb a lot more water

35
Q

Why would a steer fed grain gain more than a steer fed hay?

A

On a grain diet, you lose less energy fue to gas by producing more propionate. Eating hay results in more acetate and butrate, which produce gas

36
Q

Vestigial part of cecum in humans

A

Appendix

37
Q

Stomach cells that secrete HCL

A

Parietal cells

38
Q

Stomach cells that secrete digestive enzymes

A

Chief cells

39
Q

Special name for epithelial cell lining the villi

A

Enterocyte

40
Q

Secretes an alkaline mucous into the small intestine to protect against acid

A

Brunner’s glands

41
Q

Secrete lysozyme into small intestine to kill bacteria

A

Paneth cells

42
Q

Mucous secreting cells embedded in the surface of the villi

A

Goblet cells

43
Q

Lymph capillary found in the villi

A

Lacteal

44
Q

Common external opening for the digestive and reproductive tract in birds

A

Vent

45
Q

Common chamber into which the digestive and reproductive tract open up in birds

A

Cloaca

46
Q

Clusters of white blood cells that project into the small intestine

A

Peyers patches

47
Q

Branched glucan used as a storage of carb in animals

A

Glycogen

48
Q

Disaccharide containing beta 1-4 glucose linkage

A

Cellulose

49
Q

Fiber component that is not a carbohydrate, but influences the utilization of forage carbs

A

Lignin

50
Q

Heptose monosaccharide that is a ketose

A

Sedoheptolose

51
Q

Heteroglycan that is a primary component of the plant cell wall

A

Hemicellulose

52
Q

Heteroglycan thay makes up white mesh of an apple

A

Pectin

53
Q

Hexose monosaccharide that is a ketose

A

Galactose

54
Q

A hexose monosaccharide that is an aldose

A

Glucose

55
Q

Homoglycan containing only glucose

A

Glucan

56
Q

Homoglycan found in high concentrations in chickory

A

Fructan

57
Q

Intermediate formed by the breakdown of amylopectin hy amylase

A

Limit dextrin

58
Q

Pentose monosaccharide that is an aldose

A

Ribose

59
Q

Polysaccharide of glucose liked both at 1-6 and 1-4

A

Amylopectin

60
Q

Polysaccharide of glycose like only by alpha 1-4

A

Amylose

61
Q

Polysaccharides linked by beta 1-4

A

Cellulose

62
Q

Process used to synthesize glucose in an animal

A

Gluconeogenesis

63
Q

Fruranose ring

A

Ring structure of fructose

64
Q

Pyranose ring

A

Ring structure of glucose

65
Q

Tetrose monosaccharide that is an aldose

A

Erythrose

66
Q

Triose monosaccharide that is a keytose

A

Dihydroxyacetone

67
Q

Pectin, hemicellulose, lignin, sucrose, glycogen

Which are heteroglycans?

A

Pectin and Hemicellulose

68
Q

Pectin, amylose, cellulose, amylopectin, maltose

Which are glucans?

A

Amylose, cellulose, amylopectin

69
Q

Theyre hydrogenated, lower in calories, and are responsible for cooling sensation in the mouth

A

Sugar alcohols

70
Q

Has virtually no calories, is chlorinated, and is 600x sweeter that sucrose

A

Sucralose

71
Q

Which are absorbed through the small intestine via active transport?
Lactose, sucrose, galactose, fructose, glucose5

A

Galactose and glucose

72
Q

The primary site for absorbtion of nutrients in a pig

A

Jejunum

73
Q

Chicken, pig, horse, cow

Which produce salivary amylase

A

Chicken, and Pig

Animal Nutrition (1 decks)

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