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Humanities(World Views) > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Kinds of Statements

A

Factual (deals with facts)

Evaluative (deals with values)

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2
Q

Deductive Arguments

A

Valid (true)
Invalid (untrue)
Sound
Unsound

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3
Q

Viking Age

A

appx. 800-1000/1050

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4
Q

Year 793

A

Viking raid of Lindisfarne monastery. Considered the beginning of the Viking Age.

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5
Q

Year 1066

A

Harald Hardrada of Norway failed at conquering England. Considered to be the end of the Viking age.

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6
Q

Why did the Viking Age begin?

A
  • Limited resources in Scandinavia
  • Gift exchange economy
  • Monasteries were vulnerable targets
  • Development in ship-building techniques
  • Ambition, desire for fame/glory
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7
Q

Why did the Viking age end?

A
  • Scandinavians integrated with the rest of Europe
  • Intermarriage (not best reason)
  • Many converted to Christianism, they couldn’t justify raiding fellow Christians.
  • Raiding became more difficult since European cities began to defend themselves much better.
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8
Q

Key Features of the Viking Age

A
  • Lots of raiding and trading
  • Norway, Sweden & Denmark became more unified and powerful
  • The conversion of many Scandinavians to Christianity
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9
Q

Changing Perceptions of the VIking Age

A
  • They were relatively neglected by historians
  • 19th they gained more attention and praise
  • Scandinavian nations embraced their Viking heritage, part of their identity.
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10
Q

Sources of information

A
  • Archaelogy
  • Grave sites
  • Textual sources
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11
Q

Fallacy

A

An argument from that is both common and defective; a recurrent mistake in reasoning.

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12
Q

Genetic Fallacy

A

Arguing that a claim is true or false solely because of its origin. Ex: my teacher told us that the Vikings had horns on their helmets, so it must be true.

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13
Q

Ad hominem attack Fallacy

A

Rejecting a claim or criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself. Ex: the king criticized Viking =s of brutality but he mistreated his people too.

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14
Q

Fallacy of composition

A

Arguing that what is true of the parts must be true for a whole. Ex: I noticed there are a lot of mountains in Norway. Scandinavia must be a mountaneous region.

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15
Q

Fallacy of division

A

Arguing that what must be true of the whole must be true of the parts. Ex: Scandinavians were usually taller than average. Bjorn was Swedish so he must’ve been pretty tall.

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16
Q

Appeal to popularity

A

Arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of ppl belive it. Ex: Historians tend to exagerrate the barbarity of the Vikings. Everyone says so.

17
Q

Appeal to tradition

A

Arguing that a claim must be true just because it’s part of tradition.

18
Q

Appeal to Emotion

A

Using emotions in place of relevant reasons as premises in an argument. “We must drive the Danes out! They’re monsters, they’ll eat your children!”

19
Q

Straw Man

A

Distorting, weakening, or oversimplifying someone’s position so it can be more easily attacked or refuted.

Ex: Viking age scandinavia had some positive aspects. So bon here, just doesn’t care that the Vikings raped their way through Europe. Real nice, bob, real nice.

20
Q

Begging the question

A

The attempt to establish the conclusion of an argument by using that conclusion as a premise.

Ex: Attacking unarmed villagers was really like a crime against humanity because it is inhumane to attack people who can’t defend themselves.

21
Q

False dilemma

A

Asserting that there are only two alternatives to consider when there are usually more than two.

Ex: Either you give me all your silver, or tonight the ravens will feast on your flesh.

22
Q

Slippery slope

A

Arguing without good reason that taking a partivular step will inevitably lead to a further underisable step(s).

If we let Danes take over York, they’ll soon take all over of England, and then the world.”

23
Q

Discovery & Settlement of Iceland

A
  • Irish monks were its first inhabitants
  • Iceland settled primarly by Norwegians. Some were from Ireland and England, as well as from other Scandinavian countries.
  • book of icelanders recounts settlement of Iceland
24
Q

Ingolf Arnasom

A
  • First norwegian outlaw to settle in Iceland
25
Q

Ari Thorgilsson

A
  • aka Ari the Learned

- wrote sagas of Icelanders

26
Q

King Harald Fair-hair

A
  • Harald I of Norway
  • Wanted to unify Norway in his rule
  • Many resented his attempts to excert authority over them and they decided to settle in Iceland.
27
Q

Icelandic Sagas

A
  • Family sagas are decribed to be the feuds with central events
  • Sagas depict some real people and some real events, as well as some invented ppl and events.
28
Q

Snorri Sturluson (1179-1241)

A
  • Rich and powerful Icelander
  • Twice served as the lawspeaker
  • Wrote the King’s Saga
  • Wrote the Prose Edda
29
Q

Skaldic poetry

A

Skals= poet in icelandic

- Icelanders celebrated poets and many served as court poets for Scandinavian kings and Earls

30
Q

Herodotus

A
  • Ancient Greek historian
  • Father of history
  • Created interesting narratives
  • Not always reliable; included lots of unconfirmed information
31
Q

Thucydides

A
  • Ancient Greek Historian
  • More accurate than Herodotus
  • Didn’t include folk tales or attribute events to the interference of the Greek gods.
32
Q

Leopold von Ranke

A
  • 19th century German historian
  • regarded as first modern historian
  • tried to make history scientific and completely objective
  • his views are now regarded as naive and too optimistic
33
Q

Historiography

A
  • principles, theories or methodologies of scholarly historical research and presentation.
  • The writing of history is based on a critical analysis, evaluation, and selection of authentic source materials into a narrative subject to schrolarly methods of criticism
  • body of historical literature
34
Q

Sources

A

can be

  • Remains
  • Testimonies
35
Q

Testimonies

A

can be

  • Primary
  • Secondary
36
Q

The Althing

A

Iceland’s national assembly that met every summer

37
Q

Lawspeaker

A

Person who recited the law at the national assembly in Iceland

Humanities(World Views) (1 decks)

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