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Yoga Anatomy > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The 11 Systems of the body?

A
  1. Integumentary (skin)
  2. Skeletal
  3. Nervous
  4. Cardiovascular
  5. Endocrine (glands/hormones)
  6. Muscular
  7. Respiratory
  8. Reproductive
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Lymph/Immune
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2
Q

anatomical position?

A

Mountain pose with palms forward

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3
Q

Axial

A

head, neck, and trunk

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4
Q

Appendicular

A

limbs/extremities

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5
Q

Anterior

A

towards the front

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6
Q

Posterior

A

towards the back

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7
Q

Distal

A

away from the trunk toward the fingers and toes

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8
Q

Proximal

A

towards the trunk away from the fingers and toes

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9
Q

Superficial

A

Towards the skin or outside

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10
Q

Deep

A

towards the inside or away from the skin

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11
Q

superior

A

up, Towards the top of the head

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12
Q

inferior

A

down or below, towards the feet

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13
Q

medial

A

towards the midline

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14
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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15
Q

flexion

A

A movement in a sagittal plane which takes a part of
the body forward from anatomical position.
Exceptions: knee flexion, dorsiflexion\

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16
Q

Extension

A

A movement in the sagittal plane which takes a part of
the body backward from anatomical position. Except:
knee extension and plantar flexion

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17
Q

abduction

A

A movement in a frontal plane which takes a

part of the body away from the median plane.

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18
Q

Adduction

A

A movement in a frontal plane which takes a
part of the body toward the median plane.
(Add it to your body- it comes “in” to you) (Second ½ of jumping jack)

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19
Q

Pronation

A

Hand faces back, opposite

anatomical position.

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20
Q

Supination

A

Hand faces forward

same as anatomical position.

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21
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

“flexing” the foot

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22
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

pointing the toes

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23
Q

Lateral Flexion or Side Bending

A

Axial spine motion in the frontal plane away

from anatomical position.

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24
Q

Gross anatomy

A 
●Physical/Tangible
●Visible to the Naked 
Eye
●Palpable by All
●Larger Structures
●Organs, Parts and 
or Structures
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25
Q

Subtle anatomy

A 
●Energetic
●Visible by Some
●Palpable by Some
●Chakras, Nadis, 
Gunas, Koshas
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26
Q

Function of the Skeletal System

A

Support: Structural Support for the entire body

Protection: Surrounds soft tissue- critical organs

Movement: Creates the levers for muscles to attach to and
move the body.

Mineral Homeostasis: Stores minerals and fats. Releases
calcium and phosphorus as needed.

Blood Cell Production: Bone Marrow produces red and
white blood cells.

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27
Q

Types of Bones

A

Long: Lever Arms and Major Source of Bone Marrow.

Short: Weight Bearing

Flat: Muscle Attachment, Stability, & Protection

Irregular: Diverse specific functions

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28
Q

Wolffs Law

A

Healthy bone adapts to physiological load which is applied
-changes in external state and internal architecture of bone

If loading increases bone with remodel to become stronger

if load decreases bone with become weaker as a response

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29
Q

What is a joint

A

The Junction or Union of two or more Bones in the Body.

Primary Function is to provide motion and flexibility to the body
frame.

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30
Q

Synarthrosis

A

joint
Essentially NO motion/Fibrous
Skull, Teeth

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31
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction,
Internal, and External Rotation

only joint that moves in all directions

Hip and Shoulder

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32
Q

function of a Synovial Joint

A

Joint designed for Motion

Joint Motion: Spreads fluid around keeping joint healthy and lubricated.
Motion is Lotion

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33
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Releases Synovial Fluid

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34
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Bathes joint with nutrients

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35
Q

Joint Capsule

A

Ligaments to provide joint stability

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36
Q

Cartilage

A

Protects the ends of bones and helps with smooth motion

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37
Q

Ellipsoid

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction

Wrist, Fingers

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38
Q

Saddle

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction

Thumb

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39
Q

Hinge

A

Flexion and Extension

Knee and Elbow

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40
Q

Pivot

A

Rotation

Head C1C2, Forearm

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41
Q

Gliding/ Plane

A

Flat Edges Meet

Up, Down, Left, Right Diagonally

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42
Q

How to protect the joints

A

Proper Warm-up

Engage your Muscles

Motion is Lotion

Alignment

Avoid Pushing Joint into End Ranges

balance Between Muscle Groups

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43
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

joint
Slight/Minimal Motion, Connected by Cartilage or
Ligaments
Pubic, Vertebral Column

44
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Synovial Joint,
Moves Freely
Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Elbow, Wrist, Ankle, etc

45
Q

Ligaments

A

connect bone to bone and organs to bone

  • Restrict joint motion
  • Stabilize joint
  • Nerve endings that help with joint proprioception

Lots of stretch
more stretch then tendons

Elastin= the stretchy stuff
Collagen = the tough stuff

Low Vascularity: Low blood supply (They do not repair or heal easily.)

46
Q

Sprain

A

injury of ligament

47
Q

Strain

A

injury of tendon or muscle

48
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone and are not stretchy

transfer forces from muscle to bone to produce joint motion

makes the joint move

49
Q

Concentric

A

Constant Muscle Shortening.

50
Q

Eccentric

A

Controlled Lengthening.

controlled movement against gravity

movement of triceps on chateranga.

51
Q

Isometric

A

Constant Length while muscle generates tension- bones do not
move.

Bones don’t move

52
Q

Open Chain

A

distal ends not fixed

moving arms around in air

53
Q

closed chain

A

distal end is fixed

arms against wall or floor

54
Q

Fascia

A

Thick connective tissue that cover whole body and all the muscles, organs blood vessels. connects everything.

looks like spider web or sweater

helps with proprioception

55
Q

what happens during warm up?

A

Redirects Blood to muscles
from organs

Increases muscle temp

Increases neural
conductivity (increases
firing speed of muscle)

Increases lung expansion
and capacity

Increases attention and
focus

Increases tissue elasticity
and decreases viscosity:
less brittle, more pliable.

Lengthening force directed
at muscle tissue

Increases strength and

56
Q

Ischium

A

ischial tuberosities (sit bones)

57
Q

Antagonist

A

Produces the Opposite Motion- Progressively
Relaxes to Produce Smooth Motion

coordination

58
Q

Synergists

A

Assists and Fine Tunes the Motion (little helpers)

59
Q

Fixators

A 
Steady Proximal parts while motion is occurs at 
Distal Ends (Specific Synergists)
60
Q

Homeostasis

A

balance

home= same stasis= state

stable equilibrium between interdependent elements

61
Q

Mobility vs Stability

A

is a continuum in our bodies as well as everything else.

something is either mobil or stable

some parts meant to be mobile some stable. don’t make things what they are not meant to be.

honor what your body is supposed to do.

62
Q

Long Bone main function

A

major source of bone marrow

63
Q

short bone main function

A

Weight bearing

64
Q

spine: Cervical Rotation

A

C1/atlas C2/axis

65
Q

spine: Flexion/Extension

A

Cervical C3-C7

66
Q

spine: Side Bending

A

Cervical C3-C7

67
Q

Spinal Rotation

A

Thoracic

68
Q

spine: Flexion/Extension

A

Lumbar

69
Q

spine: Side Bending

A

Lumbar

70
Q

order of the parts of the spine

A 
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx
71
Q

C1/Atlas function

A

Supports the head

72
Q

C2/Axis function

A

Rotates the head

73
Q

What do the ribs attach to?

A

Thoracic Spine

74
Q

What transmits the weight of the body to the pelvis?

A

sacrum

75
Q

what puts the DISCS are greater risk

A

flexion or extension

76
Q

Bone markings: Projections

A

for muscle and ligaments to attach to

77
Q

bone markings: Depressions and openings

A

for blood vessels and nerves to pass

78
Q

What do the ribs protect?

A

lungs and heart

79
Q

why our spine is s shaped?

A

Shock absorption

80
Q

where kyphosis curve?

A

thoracic spine

81
Q

Where lordosis curve?

A

cervical and lumbar spine

same curve same motions

82
Q

what is the safest position of pelvis and sacrum during twist?

A

neutral and in line

83
Q

three types of muscles?

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

84
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Moves Bones and Structures- Voluntary

85
Q

cardiac muscle

A

Moves Heart and Aorta- Involuntary

86
Q

smooth muscle

A

Walls of vessels, moves substances through viscera, even

attached to hair follicles- Involuntary

87
Q

is the sacrum part of the pelvis?

A

no

88
Q

What are the prime moves of the abdominals

A

obliques

89
Q

Transverse Abdominis function

A

Compresses the abdomen and tones abdominals and creates lift in the lower spine. DECOMPRESSES THE SPINE. major stabilizer of the spine. maintains lumbar curve. back bend stabilizer.

90
Q

Uddiyana Bandha

A

Activation of the Lower Abdominals

91
Q

Moola Bandha

A

Activation of the Pelvic Floor

92
Q

SI where and function?

A

stabilization, symmetry, strength and length

where the sacrum and the ilium come together

93
Q

pelvis is made up of what three bones?

A

Ilium (elephant ears)
Ischium or ischial tuberosities (bottom of loops/ sit bones)
Pubis (above loops)

94
Q

ASIS

A

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (top front of elephant ears)

95
Q

PSIS

A

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (top back of elephant ears)

96
Q

parts of the vertebra

A 
spinous process (middle point)
transverse process (side points)
vertebral body (big part with hole)
97
Q

proprioception

A

the ability to know where your body is in space (without looking)

ligaments
fasia
snovial joint

98
Q

where does the spinal twist come from?

A

thoracic spine

99
Q

chief extender of the spine

A

erector spinae

goes all the way from the tail bone to the base of the neck

100
Q

actions of the quadratus lumborum

A

Lateral flexion of vertebral column, with ipsilateral contraction.
(Closed Chain)

Extension of lumbar vertebral column, with bilateral contraction.

Fixes the 12th rib during forced expiration.

Elevates the Ilium (bone), with ipsilateral contraction. (Open Chain)

101
Q

co stabilizers of the spine

A

transverse abdominus and multifidus (lil muscles on spine, mostly thoracic)

102
Q

stretching is?

A

moving muscles in opposite direction from hoe it contracts

moving in two directions

103
Q

psoas

A

trunk and hip flexion

104
Q

Superficial Layer of spinal muscles

A

trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae/ rhomboids

mostly moves arms

105
Q

Intermediate Layer

A

Erector Spinae

106
Q

Deep Layer

A

Multifidus: Stabilize vertebrae, assists local extension, and rotary
motions. A Co- stabilizer with transverse abdominus.

Interspinales: Extension and Rotation

Transversalis: Lateral Flexion, Stabilize vertebral column

Rotatores: Trunk Rotation

Yoga Anatomy (3 decks)

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