Test 1 Flashcards
Over the years, we’ve seen the speed of innovation increase exponentially. We’ve also seen two predictions about this growth hold true. How do Moore’s Law and Rock’s Law interact with each other?
Moore’s Law states the number of transistors double every year.
Rocks Law states The cost of capital equipment to build semiconductors will double every four years.
For Moore’s Law to hold, Rocks Law must fall.
1.5.6
Compare and contrast the Von Neumann model with one non-Von Neuman model of your choice.
The Von Neumann model has a fetch, execute, and decode cycle.
1.8
The Non–von Neumann architectures are those in which the model of computation varies from the characteristics listed for the von Neumann architecture. For example, an architecture that does not store programs and data in memory or does not process a program sequentially would be considered a non–von Neumann machine.
1.9
Handrd Model, Neural Networks, Quantum Computers
Convert 148 base 10 to binary
10010100
Convert 3.75 base 10 to binary
0011.1100
Convert 10011001 base 2 to decimal
153
Why is possible to get rounding errors with floating point numbers?
There isn’t an exact value to hold the floating point numbers.
Why is it important to minimize Boolean Expression?
A one-to-one correspondence exists between a Boolean expression and its implementation using electrical circuits, as shown in the next section. Unnecessary terms in the expression lead to unnecessary components in the physical circuit, which in turn yield a suboptimal circuit.
3.2.5
Describe what a multiplexer does. Give an example of what it could be used for.
This circuit selects binary information from one of many input lines and directs it to a single output line. Selection of a particular input line is controlled by a set of selection variables, or control lines. At any given time, only one input (the one selected) is routed through the circuit to the output line. All other inputs are “cut off.”
Example:
Describe how to make a circuit that adds two 8-bit numbers (Do not draw actual circuitry.)
Use the full address to build an ALU that will calculate the sum of the 8-bit numbers.
Describe the evolution of character codes.
ACII - home computers
Unicode - created to make a single understood character code for all computers.
EBCDIC - commercial computers
What is the OR operation also known as?
Boolean Sum
Why do we need Boolean identities?
To Simplify Boolean Expressions.
Which of the following functions are in sum-of-products form?
x’yz + xy’z’ + x’y’z’
What are logic gates?
Implementations of Boolean logic
Why is the NAND gate sometimes called the Universal Gate?
Because some combination of NAND gates can be used instead of any other gate
How many inputs can a gate have?
As many as needed
How do we make complex logic?
We combine the basic AND, OR, and NOT operations.
What is the purpose of a truth table?
To show us what kind of outputs we would get for any combination of inputs
Which of the following methods inverts all the bits and then adds 1 to indicate that the number is negative?
two’s complement
Which of the following methods sets a bit aside to keep track of whether or not the number is negative, but otherwise keeps the number the same?
signed magnitude
Which of the following methods inverts all the bits to indicate that the number is negative?
one’s complement
What is a simple way to divide a number by 2?
shift all the bits to the right
What is a simple way to multiply a number by 2?
left shift all the bits
How are all floating point numbers stored?
in scientific notation
What is the official format for floating point numbers called?
IEEE-754
