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ARHI 203 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 selected properties of Art?

A 
Form
Content 
Iconography
Style
Medium
Size
Viewing Conditions
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2
Q

What is form?

A

line, shape, colour, texture, space, mass and volume of an art piece

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3
Q

What is Content?

A

Subject matter and what a work of art represents

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4
Q

What is Iconography?

A

Study of symbols and symbolism

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5
Q

What is Style?

A

A way to group works with similar characteristics i.e picasso like

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6
Q

What is Medium?

A

material or materials from which a work of art is made

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7
Q

What is Size?

A

Overall dimensions of a work

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8
Q

What is Viewing Conditions?

A

original location and manner of display of an object

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9
Q

What is the Edict of Milan?

A

313 AD Roman Emperor Constantine makes Christianity an official religion

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10
Q

Who was St. Francis?

A

he stood before the Triumphant Christ and god appears before him and tells him to “reconstruct his house”. As a result, he reforms Christianity and becomes a Medicant.

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11
Q

What is a Mendicant?

A

A person who gives up money and survives on donations; A beggar

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12
Q

What is Stigmata?

A

Someone who has the same wounds as Christ from crucifixion (i.e St. Francis)

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13
Q

Who are the Franciscans?

A

Followers of St. Francis and his new religious order

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14
Q

Triumphant Christ

A

The crucified image of Christ St. Francis viewed

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15
Q

Define Canonized

A

To be made into a saint after death (Francis canonized in 1228)

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16
Q

Tonsure

A

Mark of a monk (shaving the middle of the head)

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17
Q

Naturalism

A

Something looking natural

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18
Q

St. Dominic

A

A Mendicant who had different beliefs to Francis

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19
Q

Mendicant Order

A

Everyone involved has to be a Mendicant

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20
Q

What was the church of the Franciscans?

A

Santa Croce

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21
Q

What was the church of the Dominicans?

A

Santa Maria Novella

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22
Q

When was/ who produced the Oath of the Horatii?

A

Jaques-Louis David, Second half of 18th century

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23
Q

What is important about the Oath of the Horatii?

A
  • Represents 3 vs 3 battle between family of brothers as alternative to war between Rome and Alba Longa
  • shows masculinity, stoic men (straight lines)
  • weeping/ emotional women (curvilinear lines)
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24
Q

When was/ who produced Venus of Urbino?

A

Titian, first half of 16th century

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25
Q

What was important about Venus of Urbino?

A

very sexual, only in a king’s private room (viewing conditions)

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26
Q

When was/ who produced Olympia?

A

Manet, second half of 19th century

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27
Q

What was important about Olympia?

A

change in viewing conditions led to different perception of the photo

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28
Q

When was/ who produced Baptism of Christ?

A

Verrochio, second half 15th century

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29
Q

What was important about Baptism of Christ

A

disembodied hands = god
white dove = holy spirit
symbolism is halo
baptism preformed by John the Baptist

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30
Q

When was/ who produced Altarpiece of St. Francis?

A

Berlinghieri, first half 13th century

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31
Q

What was important about Altarpiece of St. Francis

A
  • Made with gold leaf
  • gold leaf allows him to glow in the dark/ appear heavenly under viewing conditions
  • looks like his feet are floating (heavenly)
  • Poised in religious attire w/ stigmata showing
  • depicts Christ-like events in his life
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32
Q

When was/ who produced Rucellai Madonna?

A

Duccio, 2nd half 13th century

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33
Q

What was important about Rucellai Madonna?

A
  • commissioned for Dominican Chapel
  • Is virgin Mary with Christ
  • Looks like she is floating as well (appears heavenly)
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34
Q

When was/ who produced Ognissanti Madonna?

A

Giotto, 1st half 14th century

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35
Q

What was important about Ognissanti Madonna?

A
  • Displays naturalism (Mary not floating)
  • Accounts for viewing conditions
  • Angels positioned differently showing more realistic recession of space
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36
Q

What is Usury?

A

Charging interest on money lending

37
Q

Why did the Scrovegni family commission art?

A

To try and get out of hell for Usury

38
Q

Who/ when was the Lamentation piece made inside the Scrovegni Arena Chapel?

A

Giotto, 1st half of the 14th century

39
Q

What was important about thee Lamentation piece made inside the Scrovegni Arena Chapel?

A
  • Railing acts as midline between divine and mortal
  • mourning of Christ’s death
  • use of scale to suggest distance
  • the symbolism of tree dying in winter and returning in spring parallel’s Christ
  • 2 figures added for realism
  • people are shaped to accommodate for viewing conditions and allow the audience to feel involved
40
Q

How are the thirds of the Scrovegni Arena Chapel divided?

A

Top Third: life of Mary
Middle: Life of Christ
Bottom: Passion of Christ

41
Q

How was each state classified?

A

Papal: Rome
Sovereign: Milan
Republic: Venice and Florence

42
Q

What were the 7 major guilds?

A 
refiners of imported wool cloths
wool merchants
judges and notaries/ lawyers
bankers and money traders
furriers (those who design and clean furs)
silk weavers
doctors and pharmacists
43
Q

Which guild would artists be under?

A

doctors and pharmacists because of how they make paints

44
Q

Define Confraternity

A

A religious organization with a mandate towards charity

45
Q

What is Orsanmichele?

A
  • It was a church that had ground floor as a market
  • Upper floor was storage
  • Place of commerce, religion, and charity
  • Guilds responsible for commissioning art there (guild sculptures take form in 1403)
46
Q

Define Niche

A

Recessed space that allows an object to be placed in it

47
Q

Who/ when was the 4 crowned martyrs made?

A

Di Banco, first half 15th century

48
Q

What is important about the 4 crowned martyrs

A
  • Marble is medium
  • Stone carvers guild niche
  • Use of relief
  • In Christianity, martyrs have crowns in heaven
  • Crowned martyrs symbolic of Florence
49
Q

Define Martyr

A

Dies for there religion or beliefs

50
Q

Define Relief

A

Amount of distance away from a flat surface in a sculpture

51
Q

Who/ when was the statue of St. George made?

A

Donatello, First half of the 15th century

52
Q

Define Relief Panel

A

Artwork panel underneath a guild’s niche

53
Q

why was the statue of St. George important?

A
  • He was the patron saint of the arms makers
  • protected city from potential invasion
  • the personification of Florence
  • helped the weak
54
Q

Define Duoma

A

derived from doma which means house in latin

55
Q

What is the cathedral complex (santa maria de fiore)?

A

Group of buildings relating to the church

includes baptistry,

56
Q

What is important about the florence baptistry?

A
  • part of cathedral complex
  • 3 doors
  • funded by special taxes
  • big enough to hold whole city
57
Q

Who/ when was the art for the south doors made?

A

Pisano, first half of 14th century

58
Q

What is important about the south doors?

A
  • Personification of virtues
  • has baptist art on them
  • made of bronze
59
Q

Define Relic

A

An object associated with holy person believed to have a special power

60
Q

Define Reliquary

A

Container for relics

61
Q

Who/ when was the art for the north doors made?

A

Ghiberti, first half of 15th century

62
Q

What is important about the north doors?

A
  • Figures from old testaments on doors (shows individuality)
  • made out of bronze
  • Quadrifoil Motif
  • Sacrifice of Isaac
63
Q

Who/ When was the gates of paradise: East doors Made?

A

Ghiberti, first half 15th century

64
Q

What is important about the gates of paradise: East doors

A
  • Michaelangelo named them the gates of paradise
  • Panel called “Jacob and Esau”
  • No longer stuck with quatrefoil motif of previous doors
65
Q

Who/ When was Adoration of the Magi: detail on north doors made?

A

Ghiberti, 1st half of 15th century

66
Q

Who/ When was Flagellation of Christ: detail on north doors made?

A

Ghiberti, 1st half of 15th century

67
Q

What is important about the founding hospital holiest annunciation?

A
  • 1st half 15th century
  • made by Brunelleschi
  • was an orphanage
  • babies in orphanage given last name “innocenti”
  • demonstrates art taking civic responsibility
68
Q

What is important about the terracotta Medallions?

A
  • beginning of art use to identify functions of buildings
  • terracotta is a medium
  • second half of 15th century
69
Q

Define Humanism

A

Focussing on helping others, individuality and classical ideas

70
Q

What is Brunelleschi’s one point/ linear perspective?

A
  • Use mirror to see distance of actual structure and apply sights to drawing
  • make sure all converging lines are accurate to drawing
  • Allows for realistic recession of space
71
Q

Define Momento Mori

A
  • Reminds us of our mortality
72
Q

Define Trompe L’oeil

A
  • Fool viewer into believing something (3d space inside 2d)
73
Q

Who/ when was Trinity made?

A

Masaccio, 1st half of 15th century

74
Q

What was important about Trinity?

A
  • Commisioned for Lenzi family

- First known example of one point linear perspective

75
Q

What is important about the Brancacci Chapel?

A
  • Made by Massaccio, first half 15th century

- Dedicated to St. Peter

76
Q

Who/ When was the expulsion from paradise made?

A

Massaccio, 1st half 15th century

77
Q

What is important about the expulsion from paradise?

A
  • focuses on the consequence of Adam and Eve’s actions
  • Focus on naturalism of the body
  • maintains classical ideas (proportions not realistic)
  • Angel Gabriel at the top of the picture
78
Q

Who/ When was The Tribute to Money made?

A

Massaccio, 1st half 15th century

79
Q

What is going on in the Tribute to Money?

A
  • Christ in center preforming miracle
  • St. Peter on the left of Christ
  • Christ tells Peter to go fishing and Peter pulls money to pay tax collectors
  • Halo’s forshorten in space(naturalism on mystic objects)
80
Q

Define Continuous Narrative

A

Multiple scenes of the same story told across one picture

81
Q

Define Condottieri

A

A mercenary for hire

82
Q

Define Oculus

A

Circular opening at the top of the dome and reduces weight

83
Q

Define herringbone pattern

A

arrangement of tiles similar to herring’s bones, distribute weight across and then down to manage weight easier

84
Q

Define Double SHell

A

Space between interior and exterior dome to reduce weight

85
Q

Who/ When was the birth of Venus done?

A
  • Botticelli, 2nd half 15th century
86
Q

What is important about the birth of Venus?

A
  • Iconography based off of classical values
  • Neoplatonic attempt to reconcile classical ideas with Christian values
  • Allegorical Representations of the wind on the left and attendant on the right
  • floating feet suggests lack of naturalism
87
Q

Define Venus Pudica

A

Covered up Venus

88
Q

Who/ When was the Primavera done?

A
  • Botticelli, 2nd half 15th century
89
Q

What is important about the Primavera?

A
  • Wind on the right rapes chlorus
  • Chlorus changes into flora after marriage to wind
  • venus is in the center
  • mars on the left
  • cupid up top
  • demonstrates ideal behaviour of women

ARHI 203 (3 decks)

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