Test 1 Flashcards
What are the 7 selected properties of Art?
Form Content Iconography Style Medium Size Viewing Conditions
What is form?
line, shape, colour, texture, space, mass and volume of an art piece
What is Content?
Subject matter and what a work of art represents
What is Iconography?
Study of symbols and symbolism
What is Style?
A way to group works with similar characteristics i.e picasso like
What is Medium?
material or materials from which a work of art is made
What is Size?
Overall dimensions of a work
What is Viewing Conditions?
original location and manner of display of an object
What is the Edict of Milan?
313 AD Roman Emperor Constantine makes Christianity an official religion
Who was St. Francis?
he stood before the Triumphant Christ and god appears before him and tells him to “reconstruct his house”. As a result, he reforms Christianity and becomes a Medicant.
What is a Mendicant?
A person who gives up money and survives on donations; A beggar
What is Stigmata?
Someone who has the same wounds as Christ from crucifixion (i.e St. Francis)
Who are the Franciscans?
Followers of St. Francis and his new religious order
Triumphant Christ
The crucified image of Christ St. Francis viewed
Define Canonized
To be made into a saint after death (Francis canonized in 1228)
Tonsure
Mark of a monk (shaving the middle of the head)
Naturalism
Something looking natural
St. Dominic
A Mendicant who had different beliefs to Francis
Mendicant Order
Everyone involved has to be a Mendicant
What was the church of the Franciscans?
Santa Croce
What was the church of the Dominicans?
Santa Maria Novella
When was/ who produced the Oath of the Horatii?
Jaques-Louis David, Second half of 18th century
What is important about the Oath of the Horatii?
- Represents 3 vs 3 battle between family of brothers as alternative to war between Rome and Alba Longa
- shows masculinity, stoic men (straight lines)
- weeping/ emotional women (curvilinear lines)
When was/ who produced Venus of Urbino?
Titian, first half of 16th century
What was important about Venus of Urbino?
very sexual, only in a king’s private room (viewing conditions)
When was/ who produced Olympia?
Manet, second half of 19th century
What was important about Olympia?
change in viewing conditions led to different perception of the photo
When was/ who produced Baptism of Christ?
Verrochio, second half 15th century
What was important about Baptism of Christ
disembodied hands = god
white dove = holy spirit
symbolism is halo
baptism preformed by John the Baptist
When was/ who produced Altarpiece of St. Francis?
Berlinghieri, first half 13th century
What was important about Altarpiece of St. Francis
- Made with gold leaf
- gold leaf allows him to glow in the dark/ appear heavenly under viewing conditions
- looks like his feet are floating (heavenly)
- Poised in religious attire w/ stigmata showing
- depicts Christ-like events in his life
When was/ who produced Rucellai Madonna?
Duccio, 2nd half 13th century
What was important about Rucellai Madonna?
- commissioned for Dominican Chapel
- Is virgin Mary with Christ
- Looks like she is floating as well (appears heavenly)
When was/ who produced Ognissanti Madonna?
Giotto, 1st half 14th century
What was important about Ognissanti Madonna?
- Displays naturalism (Mary not floating)
- Accounts for viewing conditions
- Angels positioned differently showing more realistic recession of space
What is Usury?
Charging interest on money lending
Why did the Scrovegni family commission art?
To try and get out of hell for Usury
Who/ when was the Lamentation piece made inside the Scrovegni Arena Chapel?
Giotto, 1st half of the 14th century
What was important about thee Lamentation piece made inside the Scrovegni Arena Chapel?
- Railing acts as midline between divine and mortal
- mourning of Christ’s death
- use of scale to suggest distance
- the symbolism of tree dying in winter and returning in spring parallel’s Christ
- 2 figures added for realism
- people are shaped to accommodate for viewing conditions and allow the audience to feel involved
How are the thirds of the Scrovegni Arena Chapel divided?
Top Third: life of Mary
Middle: Life of Christ
Bottom: Passion of Christ
How was each state classified?
Papal: Rome
Sovereign: Milan
Republic: Venice and Florence
What were the 7 major guilds?
refiners of imported wool cloths wool merchants judges and notaries/ lawyers bankers and money traders furriers (those who design and clean furs) silk weavers doctors and pharmacists
Which guild would artists be under?
doctors and pharmacists because of how they make paints
Define Confraternity
A religious organization with a mandate towards charity
What is Orsanmichele?
- It was a church that had ground floor as a market
- Upper floor was storage
- Place of commerce, religion, and charity
- Guilds responsible for commissioning art there (guild sculptures take form in 1403)
Define Niche
Recessed space that allows an object to be placed in it
Who/ when was the 4 crowned martyrs made?
Di Banco, first half 15th century
What is important about the 4 crowned martyrs
- Marble is medium
- Stone carvers guild niche
- Use of relief
- In Christianity, martyrs have crowns in heaven
- Crowned martyrs symbolic of Florence
Define Martyr
Dies for there religion or beliefs
Define Relief
Amount of distance away from a flat surface in a sculpture
Who/ when was the statue of St. George made?
Donatello, First half of the 15th century
Define Relief Panel
Artwork panel underneath a guild’s niche
why was the statue of St. George important?
- He was the patron saint of the arms makers
- protected city from potential invasion
- the personification of Florence
- helped the weak
Define Duoma
derived from doma which means house in latin
What is the cathedral complex (santa maria de fiore)?
Group of buildings relating to the church
includes baptistry,
What is important about the florence baptistry?
- part of cathedral complex
- 3 doors
- funded by special taxes
- big enough to hold whole city
Who/ when was the art for the south doors made?
Pisano, first half of 14th century
What is important about the south doors?
- Personification of virtues
- has baptist art on them
- made of bronze
Define Relic
An object associated with holy person believed to have a special power
Define Reliquary
Container for relics
Who/ when was the art for the north doors made?
Ghiberti, first half of 15th century
What is important about the north doors?
- Figures from old testaments on doors (shows individuality)
- made out of bronze
- Quadrifoil Motif
- Sacrifice of Isaac
Who/ When was the gates of paradise: East doors Made?
Ghiberti, first half 15th century
What is important about the gates of paradise: East doors
- Michaelangelo named them the gates of paradise
- Panel called “Jacob and Esau”
- No longer stuck with quatrefoil motif of previous doors
Who/ When was Adoration of the Magi: detail on north doors made?
Ghiberti, 1st half of 15th century
Who/ When was Flagellation of Christ: detail on north doors made?
Ghiberti, 1st half of 15th century
What is important about the founding hospital holiest annunciation?
- 1st half 15th century
- made by Brunelleschi
- was an orphanage
- babies in orphanage given last name “innocenti”
- demonstrates art taking civic responsibility
What is important about the terracotta Medallions?
- beginning of art use to identify functions of buildings
- terracotta is a medium
- second half of 15th century
Define Humanism
Focussing on helping others, individuality and classical ideas
What is Brunelleschi’s one point/ linear perspective?
- Use mirror to see distance of actual structure and apply sights to drawing
- make sure all converging lines are accurate to drawing
- Allows for realistic recession of space
Define Momento Mori
- Reminds us of our mortality
Define Trompe L’oeil
- Fool viewer into believing something (3d space inside 2d)
Who/ when was Trinity made?
Masaccio, 1st half of 15th century
What was important about Trinity?
- Commisioned for Lenzi family
- First known example of one point linear perspective
What is important about the Brancacci Chapel?
- Made by Massaccio, first half 15th century
- Dedicated to St. Peter
Who/ When was the expulsion from paradise made?
Massaccio, 1st half 15th century
What is important about the expulsion from paradise?
- focuses on the consequence of Adam and Eve’s actions
- Focus on naturalism of the body
- maintains classical ideas (proportions not realistic)
- Angel Gabriel at the top of the picture
Who/ When was The Tribute to Money made?
Massaccio, 1st half 15th century
What is going on in the Tribute to Money?
- Christ in center preforming miracle
- St. Peter on the left of Christ
- Christ tells Peter to go fishing and Peter pulls money to pay tax collectors
- Halo’s forshorten in space(naturalism on mystic objects)
Define Continuous Narrative
Multiple scenes of the same story told across one picture
Define Condottieri
A mercenary for hire
Define Oculus
Circular opening at the top of the dome and reduces weight
Define herringbone pattern
arrangement of tiles similar to herring’s bones, distribute weight across and then down to manage weight easier
Define Double SHell
Space between interior and exterior dome to reduce weight
Who/ When was the birth of Venus done?
- Botticelli, 2nd half 15th century
What is important about the birth of Venus?
- Iconography based off of classical values
- Neoplatonic attempt to reconcile classical ideas with Christian values
- Allegorical Representations of the wind on the left and attendant on the right
- floating feet suggests lack of naturalism
Define Venus Pudica
Covered up Venus
Who/ When was the Primavera done?
- Botticelli, 2nd half 15th century
What is important about the Primavera?
- Wind on the right rapes chlorus
- Chlorus changes into flora after marriage to wind
- venus is in the center
- mars on the left
- cupid up top
- demonstrates ideal behaviour of women
