Test 1

Question 1

What is included in the interdisciplinary team in the OR?

Answer 1

Patient, Anesthesiologist/Nurse Anesthetist, Circulating Nurse (RN), Surgical Tech, Surgeon, First Assist, and Vendors.

Question 2

What are the most used PeriOp diagnostic tests?

Answer 2

prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, bleeding time, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, platelets, sodium, potassium, pH, pCO2, HCO3, human chorionic gonadotropin, total protein, blood glucose. chest xray, and ECG.

Question 3

What are comment meds in the OR?

Answer 3

antiemetic, analgesics, anxiolytics, antibiotics, and anesthetics.

Question 4

PreOp Nursing diagnoses

Answer 4

anticipatory grieving, anxiety, and knowledge deficit.

Question 5

What is an antiemetic?

Answer 5

anti-nausea

Question 6

What is an analgesic?

Answer 6

pain relieving meds

Question 7

What is an anxiolytics?

Answer 7

anti-anxiety

Question 8

What are the three perioperative phases?

Answer 8

preoperative phase, intraoperative phase, and postoperative phase.

Question 9

What is the preoperative phase?

Answer 9

Begins immediately when a client is notified of the need for surgery. educate the patient about the upcoming procedure, assess the client’s health history, and a current physical status. client also must give informed consent prior to the surgery. you will also oversee and assist with preparation of the surgical site.

Question 10

What is the intraoperative phase?

Answer 10

intraoperative nursing includes all aspects of a surgical or invasive procedure, within the operating or procedure room. constant monitoring of the surgical environment and the client to ensure client safety.

Question 11

What is the postoperative phase?

Answer 11

begins with admission to a post-surgical recovery area and concludes upon the clients transfer to a hospital unit or discharge home.

Question 12

What is the nurses role in the preoperative phase?

Answer 12

preparing the client, informing the client about the nature and anticipated length of the procedure, including expectations related to recovery time. patient teaching on how to prepare for the surgery, as well as what to know for discharge. gathers important data regarding he client’s health history and current physical status. client medication review. verify surgeon has discussed the procedure and obtained signature on informed consent.

Question 13

What is the nurses role in the intraoperative phase?

Answer 13

the nurse acts to promote the physiological health of the client by guarding against infection and preventing potential complications, including but not limited to complications during positioning of the client, SSIs, and hypothermia. the nurse is the protector of the client. monitors vitals and blood loss. in charge of positioning the patient and padding to prevent injury and protect the skin. calling a call blue. blood transfusions.

Question 14

What is the nurses role in the postoperative phase?

Answer 14

the nurse is in charge of maintaining airway patency, oxygen saturation, and ventilation. monitoring cardiovascular status, protective reflexes, skin assessment, fluid status, taking care of operative site, monitoring for pain, nausea, vomiting. patient safety. postoperative meds. wound management and line and drain management.

Question 15

What does preoperative documentation include?

Answer 15

history & physical, social assessment, nutritional assessment, systems assessment, pain assessment, medication review, medication administered in the preoperative setting, and perioperative care plan.

Question 16

What is -ectomy?

Answer 16

indicates the removal of

Question 17

What is -oscopy?

Answer 17

indicates a body part or organ being viewed

Question 18

What is reconstructive surgery?

Answer 18

performed to restore lost or reduced appearance or function.

Question 19

What is diagnostic procedures?

Answer 19

conducted to determine or confirm a diagnosis.

Question 20

What is elective surgery?

Answer 20

procedure that is the recommended treatment for a condition that is not life threatening.

Question 21

What is emergency surgery?

Answer 21

performed when a condition creates the risk of loss of life and limb.

Question 22

What is palliative surgery?

Answer 22

may be performed to alleviate pain or symptoms associated with a disease.

Question 23

What is transplant surgery?

Answer 23

replaces malfunctioning organs or other structures.

Question 24

What are the two types of surgical procedures?

Answer 24

open and laparoscopic

Question 25

Complications of longer surgical procedures

Answer 25

increased risk of complications. lengthened recovery time. greater risk of hypothermia. greater risk for blood loss.

Question 26

What are the types of anesthesia?

Answer 26

local and general

Question 27

What is included in intraoperative documentation?

Answer 27

complete hand-off, pre- and postop diagnoses, informed consent, anesthesia type and ASA level, team members, times, surgical prep, position of client, position of aids used, foley inserted, surgery counts, time-outs, equipment used, specimens collected, tubes or drains placed, dressing placed, total fluid I&O, medications used, and additional notes.

Question 28

How are wounds classified?

Answer 28

Class I- clean
Class II- clean, contaminated
Class III- contaminated
Class IV- dirty, infected

Question 29

What is the purpose of wound classification?

Answer 29

determined at the beginning and end of a surgical procedure. predicts risk of surgical site infection and potential intraoperative complications.

Question 30

What are the types of blood transfusions?

Answer 30

autologous and allogenic

Question 31

What is an autologous blood transfusion?

Answer 31

when the client donates their own blood

Question 32

What is an allogenic blood transfusion?

Answer 32

when the client receives blood from the community.

Question 33

What are potential intraoperative complications?

Answer 33

hypovolemia, hypervolemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, increased intracranial pressure, hypothermia, hyperthermia, and malignant hyperthermia.

Question 34

What findings postop should be reported to the surgeon?

Answer 34

prolonged unresponsiveness, change in LOC, oxygen saturation <93, respiratory rate <10, tachycardia, hypertension or hypotension, weak or absent peripheral pulses, urine output <30 mL/hr, and more than expected amount of bleeding at incision site.

Question 35

What is pain?

Answer 35

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Question 36

How does one describe pain?

Answer 36

location, intensity, quality, and duration.

Question 37

What are types of pain stimuli?

Answer 37

biological-viruses, bacteria
mechanical-fractures, shearing forces
thermal- extreme heat or extreme cold
electrical- electrical shock or electrical burn
chemical-cleaning supplies, tobacco smoke, acids/bases, radiation

Question 38

Types of pain

Answer 38

acute and chronic

Question 39

Types of acute pain

Answer 39

somatic pain, visceral pain, and referred pain

Question 40

Types of chronic pain

Answer 40

chronic recurrent pain, chronic intractable benign pain, and chronic progressive pain

Question 41

What are characteristics of acute pain?

Answer 41

sudden onset, identifiable tissue injury, duration <6 months, initiates automatic fight or flight.

Question 42

What are characteristics of chronic pain?

Answer 42

prolonged pain >6 months, not always a known cause. adaptation of autonomic responses decreased over time.

Question 43

Additional types of pain

Answer 43

breakthrough, central, phantom, psychogenic.

Question 44

What is the WHO three step approach to pain management?

Answer 44

Step 1- mild pain = nonopioid analgesic (with/without coanalgesic)
Step 2- mild to moderate pain = weak opioid, combination of opioid and nonopioid (with/without coanalgesic)
Step 3- moderate to severe pain = strong opioid administered around the clock. titrated until pain is relieved.

Question 45

example of nonopioid analgesics/NSAIDs

Answer 45

Tylenol, advil, motrin, Naprosyn, aleve, toradol, Celebrex, bayer, etc.

Question 46

example of weak or partial opioid analgesics

Answer 46

codeine, Vicodin, etc

Question 47

example of mixed opioid analgesics

Answer 47

Tylenol no 3, nubain, talwin, etc

Question 48

example of strong opioid analgesics

Answer 48

dilaudid, Demerol, OxyContin, etc

Question 49

example of coanalgesics

Answer 49

gabapentin, prednisone, lidocaine, etc

Question 50

side effects of opioids

Answer 50

respiratory depression, sedation, nausea/vomiting, constipation, pruritus, and sexual dysfunction

Question 51

What are coanalgesics?

Answer 51

have analgesic properties. potentiate effects of pain medications. reduce pain medication side effects, and effective at reducing neuropathic pain.

Question 52

What are some nonpharmacologic therapies for pain?

Answer 52

repositioning, acupuncture, guided imagery, social support, and dietary and herbal remedies

Question 53

What is fibromyalgia?

Answer 53

a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, stiffness, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating.

Question 54

What are risk factors of fibromyalgia?

Answer 54

middle-aged females, ages 20-50. family history of fibromyalgia. having a psychiatric disorder such as ADHD or depression. having a medical disorder such as IBS or RA.

Question 55

What are the pharmacologic therapy for fibromyalgia?

Answer 55

Cymbalta, savella, and lyrica.

Question 56

What are nonpharmacologic therapy for fibromyalgia?

Answer 56

aerobic exercise and strength training.

Question 57

ways to prevent fibromyalgia?

Answer 57

no known way to prevent. maintain healthy lifestyle. prompt diagnosis and treatment of symptoms.