Test 1 Flashcards
SYNAPSES : How are Synapses involved in drug therapy?
The synapse is said to believed to be the primary site of activity for psychotropic drugs.
What are NEUROTRANSMITTERS
- Control communication throughout your body and brain
- Chemicals that convey information across synaptic clefts to neighboring target cells.
What is reuptake?
The process for being stored for reuse
What is ACETYLCHOLINE ? Functions?
Possible Implications for mental illness?
- Cholinergic neurotransmitter
- Sleep, arousal, pain, perception, MOVEMENT, memory
- Increased levels in DEPRESSION
- Decreased levels: ALZHEIMER’S, HUNTINGTON’S, PARKINSON’S
MONOAMINES
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Histamine
assault
battery
bioethics
civil law
common law
criminal law
defamation of character
ethics
false imprisonment
informed consent
libel
malpractice
moral behavior
negligence
privileged communication right slander statutory law tort
values
values clarification
I
Kantianism (Deontology) -
I make this choice b/c it is morally right to do so. (Opposite of Utilitarianism)
Utilitarianism
Right is based on that which promote happiness
Natural law theory
Humans inherently know the difference between good and evil (from God) and this knowledge directs our decision-making
ethical dilemma
No reason to choose one action over the other
Ethical egoism
What is right and good is what is best for the individual making the decision
Autonomy
Individuals are capable of making their own independent choices.
Beneficence
One’s duty to benefit to promote the good of others
Nonmaleficence
Do No Harm
Veracity
Always be truthful
what are the brains major divisions?
- forebrain
- midbrain
- hindbrain
what is the forebrain made up of?
- cerebrum
- diencephalon
what is the midbrain made up of?
-mesencephalon
what is the hindbrain made up of?
- pons
- medulla
- cerebellum
voluntary body movement is controlled by impulse through the __
frontal lobes
the ____ manage somatosensory input, including touch, pain, pressure, taste, temp, perception of joint and body positions, and visceral sensations.
parietal lobes
the __ is concerned with auditory functions and the lower part is dedicated to short-term memory.
temporal lobe
the __ are the primary area of visual reception and interpretation
occipital lobes
what are the functions of the hypothalamus?
- regulation of the pituitary gland
- direct neural control over the actions of the autonomic nervous system
- regulation of appetite, temp, bp, thirst and circadian rhythms
- regulation of temp
the __ contains the nucleus and is essential for the continued life of the neuron
cell body
___ are processes that transmit impulses toward the cell body
dendrites
__ transmit impulses away from the cell body
axon
___ carry impulses from receptors in the internal and external periphery to the CNS, where they are then interpreted into various sensations.
afferent neurons
___carry impulse from the CNS to effectors in there periphery, such as muscles (they respond by contracting) and glands (that respond by secreting)
efferent neurons
___ are chemicals that convey information across synaptic clefts to neighboring target cells.
neurotransmitters
the main function of the antidiuretic hormone is _
conserve body water and maintain normal bp
the hormones found in the posterior pituitary _ and _
vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin
the hormones of the anterior pituitary regulate are:
- growth hormone
- thyroid stimulation hormone
- ACTH
- prolactin
- gonadotropin-stimulating hormone
- melanocyte-stimulating hormone
genotype
refers to the total set of genes present in an individual and coded in the DNA at the time of conception
phenotype
are characteristics such as eye color, height, blood type, sound of voice, and hair type
a branch of philosophy that addresses methods fro determining the rightness or wrongness of one’s actions
ethics
bioethics
is the term applied to these principles when they refer to concepts within the scopes of medicine, nursing, and allied health
___ is conduct that results from serious critical thinking about how individuals ought to treat others
moral behavior
values
are personal beliefs about what is important or desirable
a __ is valid, legally recognized claim or entitlement, encompassing both freedom from government interference or discriminatory treatment and an entitlement to a benefit or service
right
a ____ is a situation that requires an individual to make a choice between two equally unfavorable alternatives
ethical dilemma
____ are those that have been enacted by legislative bodies
statutory laws
____ are derived from division made in previous cases
common law
___ protects the private and property rights of individuals and businesses
civil law
____ provides protection from conduct deemed injurious to the public welfare
criminal law
___ encompasses shared patterns of belief, feeling, and knowledge that guide people’s conduct and are passed down from generation to generation.
culture
individualistic cultures
value independence, personal responsibility, and freedom
what is the human quality that gives meaning and sense of purpose to an individuals existance?
spirituality
___ is a set of beliefs, values, rites, and rituals adopted by a group of people.
religion
What is Dopamine?
- A neurotransmitter released by the brain that plays a role in movement, memory, pleasurable reward, behavior & cognition, attention, inhibition of prolactin production, sleep, mood and learning
How are DOPAMINE and ADDICTION related?
- Cocaine and Amphetamines inhibit the re-uptake of dopamine .
- Cocaine is a dopamine transporter blocker that competitively inhibits dopamine uptake to increase the presence of dopamine.
- Amphetamines force dopamine molecules
