test 1 Flashcards
hot and dry climate design
massive walls (time-lag effect), small windows, light colors
hot and humid climate design
MOVING AIR AND EVAPORATIVE COOLING:
large windows, large overhangs, shutters, light colored walls, high colored ceilings
mild overcast climates (PNW) design
open up to capture daylight: bay windows
cold climate design
HEAT RETENTION:
very compact, minimize surface to volume ratio, landforms, few windows, low ceilings
parasol roof
umbrella-like structure covering a building
sensible heat
measure of random molecular movement or heat - function of temperature and mass
latent heat
measure of heat in a change of state
heat of fusion (latent heat)
solid –> liquid
heat of vaporization (latent heat)
liquid –> gas
temperature
a measure of heat (energy)
freezing: 32F, 0C
boil: 212F, 100C
Absolute zero: 0K, -273C, -459F
BTU (british thermal unit)
heat required to elevation 1 pound of water 1F at 1atm
approx. 252 calories
calorie or Joule
heat required to elevate 1 gram of water 1C
Calorie
dietary calorie
evaporative cooling
cooling resulting from conversion of sensible heat into latent heat (heat of vaporization)
1st law of thermodynamics
law of conservation of energy - finite amount of energy in the universe, energy cannot be created or destroyed
2nd law of thermodynamics
heat always moves from higher concentration to lower concentration
convection
heat transfer from movement of air
conduction
heat transfer from direct contact
radiation
heat based on electromagnetic radiation
conductivity
heat flow through 1sqft solid that is 1in thick
“k”
conductance
heat flow through 1sqft solid of a determined thickness
“C”
resistance
reciprocal of either conductivity “k” or conductance “C”
thermal resistance “R” tells effectiveness of thermal insulator
R (per inch) = 1/k or R (total) = 1/C
Greater “R” greater insulator
thermal transmittance
“U” - U = 1/ER (Heat flow coefficient)
mean radiant temperature
average temp of the radiant environment at a particular point in space
MRT = E (radiant temp)(angle of exposure)/360
specific heat
heat required to elevate a material 1 degree (mass)
heat capacity
heat required to elevate a material 1 degree (volumetric)