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Quantitative Research Methods > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Theory

A

An interrelated set of statements about reality that are logically tied together and empirically testable

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2
Q

Concepts

A

Categories of things identified with a term (ex: boring, interesting, etc.)

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3
Q

Connection

A

Relating of concepts to one another (ex: shyness causes a feeling of boredom in listeners)

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4
Q

Propositions

A

Statements that associate or connect a concept to one or more other concepts

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5
Q

Correlation

A

When two concepts are associated

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6
Q

Casual Loop (mutual causation)

A

circular connection

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7
Q

Action Connection

A

Action concept takes lead to a goal or outcome (people can choose to do various things to reach certain goals)

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8
Q

Propositions are…

A

the building blocks of theory

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9
Q

A theory is….

A

an organized set of propositions

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10
Q

How theory is created

A

Theory is a way of packaging reality, a way of understanding it,”You cannot understand reality without theory”

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11
Q

Steps of creating a theory

A

Concepts > Connections / Relationships between them > how to organize them > Title Theory

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12
Q

Fit

A

Theories MUST have Fit and Utility. FIT is the degree to which categories and relations in a theory explain our experience of events

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13
Q

Utility

A

Theories must have Fit and Utility. Utilities —- Do they help us do things?

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14
Q

Descriptive Value

A

How things work. More scientific approach to explaining the world

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15
Q

Critical Value

A

What is wrong with how things work? Political approach to show how people are oppressed or disadvantages in the world

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16
Q

Objective Measurement

A

“Look” of a theory. Scales/measure.

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17
Q

Subjective Measurement

A

Wits/give a reading. Interpretation

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18
Q

Validity

A

Involves a set of procedures designed to make sure that what you see is really what you see

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19
Q

Reliability

A

Set of procedures designed to make sure your method observation is consistent

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20
Q

Broad Scope

A

In general idea

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21
Q

Narrow Scope

A

An in scope idea

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22
Q

Incremental Growth

A

Adding new theories

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23
Q

Developmental Growth

A

Process of elaborating/improving existing theories

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24
Q

Canonical Development

A

certain standard theories serve as the “Canon” of the community

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25
Q

Revolution

A

Canon called into question. Turns theories on their head.

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26
Q

How to evaluate theories

A

1) How far does the theory allow me to generalize? it is general reason beyong individual case. You can apply it to a range of experiences. 2) In what realms of life is the theory important? How to use/best for this purpose? 3) Does the theory stimulate me to think of inventing questions? Stimulate thinking? 4) Does it fit my experience? Does it make intuitive sense. 5) Does it say a lot in a simple and logical way? Reduce mechanism to a manageable set of ideas. 6) Improvement and change. Is there room for expansion or change?

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27
Q

Functions of theory

A

Explain the world, predict the future, and control outcomes

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28
Q

Everyday ways of knowing

A

We know the world a way because someone told us it was true

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29
Q

Authority

A

People (like parents) tell you something is right or wrong

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30
Q

Personal Experience

A

“I’ve seen it have an effect”

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31
Q

Intuition

A

Get a feeling/thought

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32
Q

Custom/Tradition

A

“It’s the way we’ve always done it”

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33
Q

Magic & Superstition

A

“Shit you can’t explain… immediately”

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34
Q

Advantages of Everyday Way of Knowing

A

Provides us with a pool of knowledge to question

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35
Q

Problems of Everyday Ways of Knowing

A

If we accept them at face value, it cuts off the question value and can be dangerous

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36
Q

YOU CANNOT PROVE SOMETHING

A

you can only provide more evidence/examples for it!

37
Q

Social Scientific Process/Method

A

Set of steps to understand the world

38
Q

Characteristics of Social Scientific Method

A

Empirical, testable, falsifiable, replicable, public, Self-Correcting, Measurable, objective, skeptical, heurism.

39
Q

Empirical

A

Evidence must be based off of observation

40
Q

Testable

A

You HAVE to be able to test your theory

41
Q

Falsifiable

A

Has to be able to be disproved

42
Q

Replicable

A

Should be able to have results that can be replicated

43
Q

Public

A

Such as accessible in a journal article, etc.

44
Q

Self-Correcting

A

Should be able to fix all it’s own problems

45
Q

Measureable

A

Should be able to measure it and see if it has an effect

46
Q

Skeptical

A

Bring Skeptical/providing questions

47
Q

Objective

A

Unbiased as possible

48
Q

Heurism

A

The degree to which the method and theory generates more data and research

49
Q

Standards for evaluating theory

A

Scope, testability, parsimony, utility, heurism

50
Q

Scope

A

How much does the theory explain of the world?

51
Q

Testability

A

must be testable

52
Q

Parsimony

A

Appropriate simplicity of the explanation

53
Q

Utility

A

How useful is that knowledge?

54
Q

Heurism

A

The notion of new research and ideas that spawn from this theory

55
Q

Politeness Theory

A

When we as communicators take other feelings into account when we interact with them

56
Q

Positive Face

A

Everyones needs and wants to have their public self image appreciated

57
Q

Negative Face

A

Need, Desire, and want to be free from imposition and to have our personal territory and perogatives respected. TO DO WHAT WE WANT WHEN WE WANT

58
Q

Face Threatening Acts

A

When people have their face threatened

59
Q

Bald On Record

A

outspokenness on addressing problem without redressive action

60
Q

Positive Politeness

A

“I don’t like that tie as much as your other ones”

61
Q

RUDE

A

when we attack positive/negative face in out society

62
Q

Off Record

A

Ambiguous assignment to nature. Not held accountable. “These potatoes are bland…” / “Want the salt?”

63
Q

Don’t do the FTA

A

Don’t do the face threatening act and let it slide.

64
Q

What Strategy to use?

A

W=P+D+R

65
Q

W

A

What strategy to use

66
Q

D

A

Social Distance Distance between the hearer and the speaker. The difference in their social roles “best friends vs. complete strangers”

67
Q

P

A

Power Distance. who has more power? “Faculty vs. administration”

68
Q

R

A

Riskyness to face. Too risky or not?

69
Q

Attack

A

Offense

70
Q

Variables

A

Anything with two or more values

71
Q

Independent variables

A

A variable that is though to have an affect on another variable “swearing”

72
Q

Dependent Variable

A

Variables that are thought to be affect by the independent variable
(Swearing effects persuasion

73
Q

Variables

A

Things in the world to study

74
Q

Nominal Data/Information

A

Categories/Types

75
Q

Ordinal Data

A

You take variables and find categories and find perferences of categories

76
Q

Interval Data

A

Where you have standard/measurements. Intervals. On a continuum to indicate perception of categories

77
Q

Ratio Scale/Datas

A

There’s an absolute zero

78
Q

Non-Directional Research Question

A

____ will have an effect (not specific)

79
Q

Directional Research Question

A

____ will have a __particular type___ of effect (specific)

80
Q

Pretest/Post Test Design

A

Total amount of people split into two groups - experimental and control group.

R SPLIT into:

1) Experimental group 01 X1(manipulation) 02
2) Control Group 03 X0 (no manipulation) 04

EX: Show video to both groups. have one group sit in an empty room with no manipulation (control) and another have a discussion (experimental) and take results from both

81
Q

Formula

A

A visual representation of a relationship that exists

82
Q

Post Test Only

A

R is split into:

1) X1 (go straight to manipulation) 01 (test results)
2) X0 (do activity without manipulation) 02 (test results)

ADVANTAGE - half the time/money
DISADVANTAGE - if beginning thoughts/results not similar, rest of story is irrelevant

83
Q

Solomon 4 group

A

Combination of Pretest/Post test Design and Post Test only Design.

R is split into:

1) 01 X1 02
2) 03 X0 04
3) X1 05
4) X0 06

use this to go after people

84
Q

Factorial design/Factor

A

2 or more independent variables

85
Q

Factorial Designs

A

3x3x3

86
Q

Likert Scale

A

Has the responds respond to statements and rate whether they strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, or disagree strongly)

87
Q

Semantic Differential Scale

A

Rate something as bad or good

88
Q

Politeness

A

when we take others feelings into account

89
Q

What’s more powerful? A question or a hypothesis?

A

Research questions > non-directional hypothesis > Directional hypothesis

Quantitative Research Methods (1 decks)

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