Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vocal Pedagogy > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Rib Cage

A

Structure ribs, sternum, vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rib pairs?

A

12, connected to sternum

2 False, connected to cartilage and lowest 5th rib

2 floating ribs, connect to spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

External, farthest outside, expand rib cage when inhaling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diaphragm

A

A dome that separates chest cavity from viscera, pulls central tendon, divides chest from abdominals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sternum

A

3 parts: (top to bottom)

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid Vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clavicle

A

Serves as strut between shoulder blade, sternum, and breast bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epigrastrium

A

Part of upper abdomen, immediately over stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Contains medastrium & 2 plural cavities -known as chest cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trachea

A

Wind pipe, discs leading up to larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains lower part of esophagus, stomach, small intestines, kidneys…etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lungs

A

The power source in the

Power -> Vibrator -> Resonator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bronchi

A

Little Pulips at trachea and down, gradually gets smaller.

Main stem bronchi
2 left lobar bronchi
3 right lobar bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

S/Z ration

A

Air flow compared when exhaling by a non-phonated and phonated consonant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Larynx

A

1 bone, 6 cartilages, 5 intrinsic muscles, 11 extrinsic, 4 spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Epiglottis

A

Folds over glottis when eating to prevent choking.

(Elastic Cartilage)

Ex: “fuck, my epiglottis just falted and now their is corn in my trachea”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Two fused Laminae, protects vocal folds, 2 superior Cornu, 2 inferior, articulation for muscles.

Back side = anterior commisure

(hyaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cricoid Cartilage

A

Top BONE

supports the rest of the larynx, consist of Laminae and ring.

Function: attached to first tracheal ring, articulation for muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

“Wings” within larynx

Body, greater horns, lesser horns(tubercle)

Function: swallowing, structure, muscle articulation

(Hyaline cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Corniculate cartilages

A

Tips of wings, paired

1 = cornicle.

Prolongs Arytenoid cartilage, situated in arypeglottic folds.

(Hyaline cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cuneiform cartilages

A

Floating, paired, wedge shaped

Hyaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

Bone on top

Function: swallowing, muscle art, structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

False vocal folds (ventricular folds)

A

Outside of vocal chords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ventricle

A

Space between true and false folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Vestibule

A

Space above false folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Arypeglottic folds

A

Arytenoid + glottis

Sides of epiglottis

26
Q

Layers of thyroarytenoid muscle

A

Outer to inner

Epithelium
Superficial layer (Laminae propria)(reinkes space)
Intermediate layer
Deep layer
TA muscle
27
Q

Vocal ligament

A

Vocal folds

28
Q

2 TA muscles

A

Vocalis & muscularis

Forms body of vocal fold

Thin layer outside the the Lamina propria separating it from the submucosa.

29
Q

Glottis

A

Space between vocal folds

30
Q

Adduction

Vs

Abduction

A

Folds together

Folds apart

31
Q

Vibration

A

When vocal folds come together and apart in rapid movement

32
Q

Coordinated Onset

A

Tbd

33
Q

Glottal onset

A

Tbd

34
Q

Aspirate onset

A

Tbd

35
Q

Open/Closed quieres quinientos

A

How of ten the glottis is open vs closed

36
Q

Electroglotography (EEG)

A

Measures electrical resistance between vocal folds i.e…onset

37
Q

Vibrato

Rate

Extent

A

Oscillations in pitch

How many per second

How fare of a distance ie. Half note

38
Q

Crycothyroid muscle

A

Lengthens vocal folds = higher pitches

39
Q

Cricoarytenoid muscles

A

LCA - closing of vocal folds

Posterior - opener

40
Q

Thyroarytenoid muscles

A

Shorten vocal folds and lowers pitch

41
Q

Interarytenoid muscles

A

Transverse : =

Oblique: X, adductor

42
Q

Describe Breathing

A

When taking in air, your diaphram is lowered and your intercostal muscles work to expand your rib cage.

When exhaling, your transverse abdominals and obliques work to add pressure and expel air.

43
Q
  1. ) Pharynx
  2. ) nasopharynx
  3. ) oropharynx
  4. ) space just behind mouth
  5. ) Laryngopharynx
A
  1. Throat
  2. Cavity connected to nose
  3. Space just behind mouth
  4. Area slightly above (vocal folds/glottis)
44
Q

Puriform sinuses

A

Pear shaped, trench lateral to the laryngeal entrance

45
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

Bright-dark tone during 18th and 19th century

46
Q

What is used for Articulation?

A 
Lips
Tongue
Hard palate (alveolar ridge)
Soft palate/velum
Jaw
Mouth, cheeks
47
Q

Innervaction

A

When nerve energy/stimulation is sent to a part.

48
Q

Vegas nerve as power?

A

The superior branch of the external root of the Vegas nerve, innervates the CT.

49
Q

Source Filter Theory

A

Power Source -> vibrator -> resonator

Lungs -> vocal folds -> vocal tract

50
Q

Myloelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of voice production

A

When inhaling your PCA muscles work to open vocal folds and when you exhale they “snap” back. (Elastic like rubber band)

51
Q

Bernoulli Effect

A

When you inhale your diaphram lowers and your intercostal muscles work to expand your rib cage. At this point pressure decreases causing air to flow into the lungs. When exhaling, your transverse abdominals and obliques work to contract adding pressure in the lugs so that the air will flow out .

52
Q

Non-Linear Theory of voice production

A

TBD

53
Q

Phonotrauma

A

Vocal abuse, defined as trauma to the laryngeal mechanism (folds) as a result of yelling, screaming, throat clearing, etc.

54
Q

Benign vocal fold lesions

A

General term for growth on the vocal folds, i.e. Nodueles, Polyps, and cysts. Associations may be drawn between this and Phonotrauma.

55
Q

How do vocal folds open and close, via muscles involved?

Explain for student

A

Think of a door that opens and closes and there are three people in the house (larynx). PCA muscles keeps opening up the door (vocal folds) while the LCA and interarytenoids keep closing the door. + Bernoulli effect.

56
Q

How do the vocal folds lengthen and shorten, in reference to the muscles involved?

(Explain for students)

A

Think of your vocal chords as attached to a pulley where one weight lengthens them and one weight shortens them. The weight that pulls your vocal chords to make them longer is called the cricothyroid muscle which ends up making a higher pitch. The weight used to shorten your vocal chords is called the thyroarytenoid muscle which ends up creating a lower pitch.

57
Q

Give three major things everyone can do to care proactively for their voices. Explain and give a succinct anatomical, physiological, or acoustic reason for each.

A
  • Make sure to get a lot of sleep. Your vocal chords can strain of over use and sleeping allows for them to rest and prevent strain.
  • Drink lots of water and be hydrated. Your vocal chords are part of your body and if you are dehydrated so are your vocal chords which can cause mucus to thicken making it harder to sing.

Avoid speaking with vocal grovel, this subjects your vocal chords to abuse through slamming against each other.

58
Q

Three things singers can do to care proactively for their voice , with rationale for each.

A
  • Singers should warm up before practicing or a performance, failure to do so may result in strain and thus damage.
  • Singers should avoid drinking soda/caffeine before a performance. Caffeine and most sodas serve as a diuretic, making it difficult to absorb fluid. Thus the chords are dehydrated.
  • Singers should practice healthy on sets. A great example would be if a singer constantly uses an unhealthy glottal onset when belting and strains themselves every night they perform. This may lead to pulyps or nodes 😧😱
59
Q

List and discuss 4 audible/observable signs/symptoms of inefficient voice production.

A

“Kneck tie tenor” -Evan Edwards: student raises their neck constraining vocal tract when attempting high notes.
Glottal onset: vocal folds come together and pressure builds up to burst the vocal folds apart before phonation begins.
Aspirate onset: when breath is exhaled and vocal folds are not completely together when phonation occurs creating a breathy like quality to sound.
Hunched over: proper air support is not utilized do to the less efficient space being created.

60
Q

What particular symptoms would prompt you to suggest a student or client seek evaluation by an otolaryngologist or other medical professional?

A

Student complains about consistent pain when singing or speaking
Student coughs up blood during sessions.
Consistent hoarseness over a long period of time
Notable seemingly permanent changes in pitch.

Vocal Pedagogy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions