Test 1 Flashcards
Fred VanDyke was important in ethics when
19??-present
Who is Fred VanDyke
conservation biologist, executive director of Au Sable Institute of Environmental Studies, author
When was George Perkins Marsh Important
1801-1882
Who is George Perkins Marsh
naturalist, lawyer, diplomat, businessman
What did Fred VanDyke do
professor at wheaton college, director of environmental studies, author of between heaven and earth
What did George Perkins Marsh do
author of the book Man and Nature
What did the book Man and Nature point out
human impacts on natural ecosystems (past and present) and warned of the dangers of modern industrialization and consequences of ecosystem destruction.
What did the book Man and Nature launch
conservation movement
When was John Muir involved
1838-1914
Who is John Muir
America’s most influential naturalist and preservationist. Founder of the sierra club/ president until his death
What did John Muir do
Influenced President Roosevelt’s conservation programs. Wilderness was John Muir’s Bible, where wisdom and truth could be discovered daily.
To Muir why did wilderness preservation seem essential
as essential as formal religion, but wilderness for its appreciation requires an openness of spirit that he did not see in most Americans
Who did John Muir dispute with
Pinchot
What did John Muir and Pinchot dispute over
damming of Hetch Hetchy valley in Yosemite
When was Gifford Pinchot involved
1865-1946
Who was Gifford Pinchot?
first Chief of the Division of Forestry (US Forest service)
What did Gifford Pinchot do
worked with Roosevelt to acquire lots of Western Lands for preservation and created the Society of American Foresters. stewardship is for the purpose of betterment of mankind
What were Gifford’s three principles
common good
development
preservation
What are the two pillars of his Resource Conservation Ethic
equity and efficiency
What did Gifford Pinchot recognize the need for
environmental protection for the future generations and believed it was wrong to waste resources
When was Theodore Roosevelt influential
1857-1919
Who was Theodore Roosevelt
26th president of the United States (1901-1909)
What did Theodore Roosevelt do
achievements were in conservation, add enormously to the national forests, reserved lands for public use, fostered great irrigation projects. Signed legislation adding 5 national parks and 18 national monuments, 100,000 acres of national forests
What did Theodore Roosevelt promote
conservation of resources for the common good and preservation of the beauty of the land for future generations, a concern that reflected his own interest
When was Aldo Leopold influential
1887-1948 (most in 1960s)
Who was Aldo Leopold
conservation ethicist, wildlife ecologist, forester, philosopher, educator, writer
What did Aldo Leopold do
collection of essays was published as Sand County Almanac. His Land Ethic which extended moral standing to non-human creatures and even soils, water, and the land.
How did Aldo Leopold view humans
plain members of society
When was Lynn White Jr influential
1907-1987 (most in 1960s)
Who was Lynn White Jr
Professor of Medieval History, studied Western Christianity
What did Lynn White Jr do
Wrote The Historical roots of our ecologic crisis which stated christianity is declared to be anthropocentric in its claims of dominion over nature, cause of ecological crisis
When did Francis Schaeffer influential
1912-1984
Who was Francis Schaeffer
pastor, theologian, philosopher
What did Francis Schaeffer do
Wrote a book, pollution and the death of man, arguing against those who said that ecologic crisis was caused by Christians but also not letting the church off the hook. Argued for active Christian involvement in politics and culture
When was joseph sittler influential
1904-1987
Who was joseph sittler
preacher ( americal lutheran theologian)
What did joseph sittler do
preacher and taught at divinity school of the university of chicago. credited with pioneering the links between Christian theology and ecological thought
What did joseph sittler insist
care for the earth and its environment is central concern of the Christian reglion
Who did joseph sittler insist received moral standing
non humans on biblical grounds and affirmed the concept of cosmic redemption
When was calvin Beisner influential
19??-present
Who was Calving Beisner
theologian and economist (author, pastor, college professor, seminar speaker)
What did Calvin Beisner find
the Cornwall alliance for the stewardship of creation
What did Calvin Beisner draft
the cornwall declaration on environmental stewardship
What did Calvin beisner believe
humanity alone of all the created order is capable of developing other resources and can thus enrich creation. Humans are most valuable resource on earth. God can be glorified through a world in which humans care for all creatures, widespread economic freedom.
When was Wendell Berry influential
1934-present
Who was Wendell Berry
prolific writer cultural and economic critic, farmer
What did Wendell Berry do
Proponent of sustainable agriculture, living in community, connection to place, local economics, value of work. criticizes christian organizations that are complacent about environmental degradation. destruction of nature is the most horrid blasphemy
