Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Middle East > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

5 pillars of Islam

A

Shahada: Statement of faith Prayer

Prayer 5 times a day

Tithe

Ramadan

Hajj: Trip to Mecca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Quran

A

The Word of Allah as given to Muhammad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hadiths

A

The life of Muhammad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sunnis

A

The dominant practice of Islam has no religious hierarchy and does not believe that leaders within Islam must be descended from Muhammad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Shia

A

The second most widely practiced sect of Islam has religious hierarchy and reveres Ali the son-in-law of Muhammad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Balfour Declaration

A

A 1917 British declaration that announced support for the establishment of a “national home” for the Jewish people in Palestine then under Ottoman rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nation

A

A group of people united by a common language, history and culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State

A

A group of people within borders united by a common government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nation-State

A

When a group with a common language, history and culture has its own state.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Realism

A
  • States seek power and autonomy above all else

* Cynical of interdependence and power sharing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neoliberalism

A

People are motivated by profit not fear and the economy is more powerful than the military

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Structuralism

A

• Marxist
• Dependency Theory
Rich and poor countries will divide the world with the rich exploiting the poor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Constructivism

A
  • An endless cycle of changing the rules IR are based on
  • Interested in the way people relate to one another
  • Values are independently important
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Abrahamic faiths

A

Judaism, Christianity and Islam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Allah

A

Arabic for god

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Arbain

A

Commemoration held 30 days after Ashura that commemorates the suffering of Hussein’s household after his death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ashura

A

Shia Festival Pilgrimage to Karbala to commemorate the massacre of Hussein and his followers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ayatollahs

A

Chief religious leaders within Shia Islam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Grand Ayatollahs

A

“First among equals” within Shia Islamic leadership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cultural relativism

A

The principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fatwas

A

Religious edict by scholars that often disagree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hashemites

A

The ruling family of Jordan. They ruled the Hejaz and during WW1 they made a deal with the allies to lead an Arab revolt against the Ottomans in return for an independent Arab state after the world. The British lied but made the Hashemites the puppet rulers of Trans-Jordan and Iraq.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hijrah

A

622: (start of Islamic calendar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hussainiyyas

A

Shia religious sites considered sacred places but are used more for funeral rites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ijtihad

A

The lowest rung of Islamic Religious exegesis: Independent reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Imams

A

Sunni prayer leaders and Shia infallible heirs of Muhammad

28
Q

Islamic calendar

A

Lunar calendar

29
Q

Kaaba

A

The most sacred site in Islam. Based in Mecca.

30
Q

Karbala

A

The sight of the battle in Iraq between Hussein and King Yazid and a major city in Shia practice

31
Q

Najaf

A

The center of Shia learning and holds a shrine to Ali

32
Q

Mahdi

A

The 12th imam. It is a Shia belief that the last imam has gone into hiding and will return with Jesus to lead the Umma into the end times.

33
Q

marja al-taqlid

A

Grand Ayatollah

34
Q

marja’iyya

A

Grand Ayatollahs

35
Q

Mecca

A

Birthplace of Muhammad and Islam’s most holy city.

36
Q

Madina

A

A sacred city of Islam where Muhammad founded Islam as an organized religion. Home of the first Mosque.

37
Q

Nakba

A

Also known as the Palestinian exodus, occurred in 1948 when 700,000 native palestinians were expelled to make way for the creation of a new Jewish state.

38
Q

People of the Book

A

Jews, Christians and Muslims

39
Q

Quietism

A

Clerics should advise but not rule

40
Q

The Rightly Guided Caliphs

A

A term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad

41
Q

Salafism

A

Fundamentalist Sunni Islam

42
Q

jihadi-salafism

A

Violent Fundamentalist Sunni Islam

43
Q

The Sunna

A

The verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions (or disapprovals) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as various reports about Muhammad’s companions.

44
Q

The Tanzimat

A

A 19th century liberalization movement within the Ottoman empire after the Balkan wars in response to rising nationalism that emancipated non-turkic-arab minorities.

45
Q

Trucial states

A

Gulf States that were military protectorates of the British Empire.

46
Q

The umma

A

The collective community of Islam

47
Q

Khadijah

A

The wife of Muhammad and the first convert to Islam

48
Q

Ali al-Sistani

A

Current Grand Ayatollah. From Iran but lives in Iraq

49
Q

Gamal Abd al-Nasser

A

Former Egyptian leader who was the champion of Arab Nationalism

50
Q

4 rightly guided Caliphs

A

Abu Bakr

Umar

Uthman ibn Affan

Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate.

51
Q

Muharram

A

The first month of the Islamic Calendar

52
Q

The Muslim Brotherhood

A

A Sunni Arabic political and social organization that seeks to instal Sharia law not through coercion but social revolution.

53
Q

San Remo conference

A

Conference at which France and Britain carved up the Middle East after WW1.

54
Q

Twelvers

A

The largest sect of Shia Islam that holds that their were twelve Imams descended from Muhammed. They believe that the last Imam, Mahdi, has gone into hiding and will return with Jesus at the end times.

55
Q

Umayyads

A

The second Caliphate after the death of Muhammad that stretched from the Indian subcontinent across the Middle East and north Africa to Spain.

56
Q

The United Arab Republic

A

1958-1961: an attempt at uniting Syria and Egypt in a republic that fell apart due to Nassar being domineering and upsetting Syria’s already developed economy.

57
Q

UNSCR 242

A

Resolution that ended the 1967 war. Israel is to return all the lands in return for a peace agreement.

58
Q

Ali

A

The last of the “rightly guided Caliphs” and the son-in-law of Muhammed.

59
Q

Fatima

A

The daughter of Muhammed and the wife of Ali

60
Q

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

A

Ataturk was the first leader of Turkey after the fall of the Ottoman empire in the wake of WW1. He sought to secularize Turkey and make it more like Europe by reforming the economy through Import Substitution and reforming culture institutions specifically banning traditional garb and reforming the Turkish language.

61
Q

Yazid

A

A caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the Sunni elements that Killed Hussain during the battle of Karbala

62
Q

The Suez crisis

A

Occurred in 1958. A crisis that came about when Nassar tried to nationalize the Suez canal and the British, French and Israelis responded with force. The US sided with Egypt and threatened to collapse the British pound unless European powers and israel stopped aggression thus ending the conflict. The crisis officially ended direct British influence in Egypt.

63
Q

Hassan al-Banna

A

Schoolteacher and Imam. Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood

64
Q

Sources of Islamic Law

A
  1. Quran
  2. Sunna - Hadiths
  3. Consensus (Ijma)
  4. Analogy
  5. Independent reasoning (ijtihad)
65
Q

Sykes-Picot Agreement

A

Was an agreement among Britain, France and Pre-bolshevik Russia to carve up the Ottoman Empire after the WW1. After the fall of the Tzar communist Russia backed out of the agreement but Britain and France carved up the region by drawing borders at the san Reno conference which have remained mostly unchanged.

66
Q

Hawzas

A

The set of institutions that surrounds an Ayatollah. The Ayatollah’s bureaucracy.

67
Q

Arab Cold War

A

A regional conflict between Arab Nationalist countries under the leadership of Nassar of Egypt and the more fundamentalist Arab Monarchies led by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia. They fought a proxy war in Yemen in the 1960s that among other things led to the decline of Arab Nationalism in favor of Islamism.

Middle East (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions