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Psych 101 -- CVCC 2017 > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific systematic study of behavior and mental processes.

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2
Q

Four major goals of psychology

A

Describe
Explain
Predict
Control

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3
Q

ABC’s of decision making

A

Actions
Beliefs
Consequences

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4
Q

Aristotle

A

The father of psychology

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5
Q

J Henry Alston

A

1st African American psychologist to publish a research paper in the APA (American Psychology Association) about research findings on the perception of hot & cold.

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6
Q

Iván Pavlov

A

Classical conditioning.

He conditioned dogs to salivate upon the ringing of a bell & measured the number of drops of saliva – he initially set out to study digestion & stumbled upon conditioning.

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7
Q

Psychometrics

A

The science of measuring mental capacities and processes – knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits.

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8
Q

Cognition

A

The mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experiences, and the senses.

Perceiving, thinking, believing, remembering, knowing, deciding, and so forth.

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9
Q

Alfred Binet

A

French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test.

Attributed with the discovery and development of psychometrics.

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10
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Founder of psychoanalysis. Studied the unconscious mind.

Have us dream interpretations, id, ego, and super ego.

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11
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

Edward Bradford Titchener

A

Founders of Structuralism & Introspection

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12
Q

Structuralism

A

The study of a theory of consciousness

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13
Q

Introspection

A

The examination of ones own conscious thoughts and feelings

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14
Q

William James

A

Founder of “Functionalism”

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15
Q

Functionalism

A

A view in the theory of mind that states that mental states are constituted solely by their functional role

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16
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

Focused on the whole mind.

The attempt to understand the laws behind the ability to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in a seemingly chaotic world

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17
Q

Max Wertheimer
Kurt Koffka
Wolfgang Koehler

A

Founders of Gestalt Psychology

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18
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Optical illusion occurring when the visual perception of an object does not cease for some time after the rays of light proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye.

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19
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

A broad branch of psychology that focused on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

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20
Q

Theory

A

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experiments.

Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest

FACT-SUPPORTED THEORIES ARE NOT GUESSES BUT RELIABLE ACCOUNTS OF THE WORLD

21
Q

Hypothesis

A

A supposition or proposed outcome based on limited past information.

A prediction based upon theory that is tested in psychological research.

“If… then” statements

22
Q

Sampling

A

The process of selecting a representative group from the population under study

23
Q

Sample

A

A group of people who take part on a study: a relatively small group of participants studied in hopes of learning something applicable to every person being studied.

24
Q

What makes a study valid?

A

When they are performed on a sample that is representative of all humans.

25
Q

Scientific method

A

The approach used by psychologists to systematically acquire knowledge or understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest.

26
Q

Steps of the Scientific Method

A
  1. Identify question of interest
  2. Formulate and explanation
  3. Carry out research designed to support or refute explanation
  4. Communicate findings
27
Q

Survey research

A

A type of research in which people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions about their behavior thoughts or attitudes – literally being given surveys for research purposes.

Interviews/questionnaires

28
Q

Case study

A

An in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people

29
Q

Naturalistic research

A

Observation and recording of behavior naturally occurring in a human or animal’s natural environment.

NO INTERFERENCE OR MANIPULATION

30
Q

Clinical research method

A

Observation of individuals while they receive treatment from a psychologist for psychological problems

31
Q

Causation and correlation

A

Experiments are the ONLY WAY to establish cause & effect relationships.

Correlational research has difficulty establishing cause & effect.

32
Q

Correlation

A

The numerical expression of the strength of the statistical relationship between two quantitative variables

33
Q

Neuroscience perspective

A

The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, nervous system and other biological functions.

34
Q

The 5 major perspectives

A 
Neuroscience perspective 
Behavioral perspective
Cognitive perspective 
Humanistic perspective 
Psychodynamic perspective
35
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

The approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces that the individual has little control over

36
Q

Behavioral perspective

A

The approach that suggests that observable measurable behavior should be the focus of study

37
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

The approach that focuses on how people think understand and know about the world

38
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

The approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow develop and be in control of their lives and behavior

39
Q

Operational definition

A

The translation of a hypothesis into specific testable procedures hay can be measured and observed

40
Q

Experiment

A

The investigation of the relationship between two or more variables by deliberately producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing the effects of that change on other aspects of the situation

41
Q

Experimental manipulation

A

The change that an experimenter deliberately produces in a situation

42
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable that is manipulated by an experimenter

43
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable that is measured in an experiment. Expected to change as a result of the experience terms manipulation of the independent variable

44
Q

Treatment

A

The manipulation implemented by the experimenter

45
Q

Significant outcome

A

Meaningful results that make it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypothesis

46
Q

Replicated research

A

Research that is repeated (sometimes using other procedures settings and groups of participants) to increase confidence in prior findings.

47
Q

Archival research

A

Using records such as old newspapers, online databases or other documents to test a hypothesis.

48
Q

Descriptive research methods

A

Rely on correlational techniques which describe associations between variables but do not determine cause and effect relationships

Psych 101 -- CVCC 2017 (2 decks)

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