Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Emergency Medicine > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ rolls can help to align the airway in young children

A

Shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

__________ rolls can help to align the airway in older children

A

Neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Excessive mechanical ventilation increases risk of (1), (2), and (3)

A

(1) Gastric air
(2) Regurgitation
(3) Aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Central pulse to assess in infants

A

Brachial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Central pulse to assess in older children

A

Femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal BP is maintained until over ____% of the child’s circulating volume is lost. Therefore hypotension is a _____ finding in kids

A

30%

Late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fluid resuscitation for pediatrics in shock

A

NS or LR 20 ml/kg boluses until signs of improved perfusion and resolution of tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fluid resuscitation if shock is due to hemorrhage for pediatrics

A

2 boluses NS or LR 20 ml/kg

Then PRBC 10 ml/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A pregnancy test is indicated in a case of sexual assault in the child is in Tanner Stage ___ development

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urine NAATs should be collected in a case of sexual assault for testing _______ and __________

A

Gonorrhea

Chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Blood should be collected in a case of sexual assault for testing ____, _____, _____

A

HIV
Hep B
Hep C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Prophylactic STI treatment for adolescents in sexual assault case

A

Ceftriaxone PLUS
Azithromycin PLUS
Metronidazole OR
Tinidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In a sexual assault case, blood may be collected for up to _____ hours

A

24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In a sexual assault case, urine may be collected for up to ________ hours

A

72-96

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In a sexual assault case, evidence collection is appropriate for up to _______ hours for adolescents, and up to ______ hours in kids

A

120

72

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 things needed for pediatric patient that is sick appearing

A
  1. Oxygen and assist ventilation if needed
  2. Pulse ox
  3. Cardiorespiratory monitor
  4. IV access
  5. CXR/EKG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Common pathways for pediatric arrest

A

Respiratory failure

Shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Two worrisome conditions concerning breathing for pediatric emergency medicine

A

Respiratory Failure

Pediatric Arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Worrisome condition concerning circulation for pediatric emergency medicine

A

Shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Signs of poor tissue perfusion (possible shock)

A

Cool or mottled skin
Tachycardia
AMS (very important in kids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Management for pediatric head injuries

A

Maximize oxygenation, maintain blood pressure!

Worse outcomes with hypoxia and hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If signs of increased ICP with herniation in pediatrics

A
  1. Elevate head of bed 30 degrees
  2. Hypertonic saline (3%)
  3. Mannitol 0.5-1 mg/kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Seatbelt sign

A

Greatly increases probability of abdominal injury

CT of abdomen warranted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Child’s blood volume is _____ ml/kg

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Reassuring or warning sign: fever onset before pain
Reassuring (more likely a virus than appendicitis)
26
Reassuring or warning sign: vomiting with frequent watery diarrhea
Reassuring
27
Referred abdominal pain
Lower lobe pneumonia | GAS pharyngitis
28
Reassuring or warning sign: pain before vomiting
Warning (typical of appendicitis)
29
Reassuring or warning sign: vomiting and abdominal distention
Warning
30
Most common cause of abdominal emergency in 1-2 months old
Pyloric stenosis
31
Most common cause of abdominal emergency in 6-10 months old
Intussusception
32
Study of choice for intestinal malrotation
Upper GI series
33
Sign on upper GI series with intestinal malrotation
Corkscrew configuration
34
Management of intestinal malrotation
``` IV fluid resuscitation NG tube Call surgeon Upper GI series Laparotomy ```
35
Imaging for intussusception
Ultrasound
36
Classic image on ultrasound for intussusception
Bullseye | Coiled spring
37
Hypertrophy of Peyer's patches in terminal ileum can serve as lead point
Intussusception
38
Management for intussusception
1. ABCs 2. Resuscitate with IVF (NS) 3. Decompress stomach with NGT if frequent vomiting 4. Consider IV abx if concern for perforation 5. Notify surgeon 6. Abdominal XRays to exclude perforation 6. Air enema reduction
39
Contraindications to air enema for intussusception
1. > 3 days 2. Signs of peritonitis 3. Evidence of free air on plain x-ray
40
Management for appendicitis
1. IVF 2. IV pain medication and antiemetics 3. IV abx (ancef, unless concern for perforation - zosyn) 4. Call surgeon
41
Classic presentation of ovarian torsion
Sudden onset of unilateral lower abdominal pain, right side > left side, N and V
42
Management of ovarian torsion
Pain control IVF, US with doppler Emergent operative intervention
43
Intervention for seizures
Needed if > 3 minutes 1. Lorazepam (IV or IM) 2. Diazepam (IV or PR) 3. Midazolam (IV or IM)
44
Febrile Seizure Criteria
Fever > 100.5 (most > 102) Child less than 6 y/o No signs of CNS infection No history of afebrile seizures
45
2 important questions to ask concerning pediatric seizures
1. Vaccination status | 2. Recent abx --> can be masking signs/symptoms of meningitis
46
Preferred neuroimaging for epilepsy evaluation
MRI
47
Evaluation for infantile spasms
Urgent EEG, MRI and metabolic evaluation
48
5 Things you can do for a child in diabetic ketoacidosis
1. Oxygen 2. Cardiac and respiratory monitor 3. Pulse ox 4. IV access 5. Consider EKG/CXR
49
2 things that should be ordered immediately when suspected diabetic ketoacidosis
1. Accucheck | 2. Urinalysis
50
Definition of DKA
Hyperglycemia > 200 mg/dL AND Venous pH < 7.30 and/or Bicarbonate < 15 mmol/L
51
Characteristic long deep breaths of DKA
Kussmaul Respirations
52
DKA Treatment Step 1
1. IV hydration NS or LR bolus 20 ml/kg over 1 hour 2. LR at 2x MIVF rate
53
DKA Treatment Step 2
``` Insulin bolus (unless child!) Switch to D5NS when glucose is < 300 mg/dL ```
54
DKA Treatment Step 3
Next 4-6 hours: NS with 40 mEq/L K+ | After 4-6 hrs: 0.45% saline with electrolytes
55
Most serious complication of DKA in children
Cerebral Edema
56
Signs/Symptoms of Cerebral Edema
1. Headache 2. Gradual decrease in LOC 3. Slowing of HR inappropriately with increase in BP 4. Change in pupils
57
Treatment of Cerebral edema
1. Reduce rate of IVF infusion 2. Mannitol 0.5-1 g/kg over 20 minutes 3. 3% saline over 30 minutes 4. Consider intubation if needed
58
Management for spinal cord injury
High dose steroids if within 8 hours
59
Preferred imaging modality for traumatic brain injury
CT Scan
60
Cushing's Reflex
Systolic BP increase Bradycardia Irregular respirations
61
First tier therapy for intracranial hypertension
Positioning, ventricular drainage, osmotic diuresis, hyperventilation
62
Second tier therapy for intracranial hypertension
Sedation, neuromuscular blockade, hypothermia, barbiturate coma
63
Not recommended for intracranial hypertension
Glucocorticoids
64
Most common pathogens in animal bites
Pasteurella species, staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobic bacteria
65
Fastidious gram-neg rod that can cause bacteremia and fatal sepsis after animal bites (especially in asplenic pts, chronic alcohol abusers, or those with underlying hepatic dz)
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
66
Bartonella henselae
Organism responsible for cat scratch fever
67
Eikenella corrodens
Organism commonly found in human bites
68
Kanavel's sign
Infectious Tenosynovitis
69
Kanavel's signs (4) - Infectious Tenosynovitis
1. Finger held in slight flexion 2. Fusiform swelling 3. Tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath 4. Pain with passive extension of the digit
70
Common pathogens from human bites
Streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, Eikenella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella and Porphyromonas species
71
Cervical spine immobilization not recommended after drowning UNLESS
1. Clinical signs of cervical injury 2. Concerning mechanism 3. AMS
72
Indications for intubation in a drowning patient
1. Inability to protect airway, neurological deterioration 2. PaO2 < 60 mmHg or saturation < 90% on high flow O2 3. PaCO2 > 50 mmHg
73
Pseudallescheria boydii
Saprophytic fungus found in contaminated water such as in floods. Most common fungal infection in non-fatal drowning victims
74
Waterborne pathogens that could cause pneumonia post-drowning
Pseudomonas, Proteus, Pseudallescheria boydii
75
Symptoms of heat exhaustion
1. Moist and clammy skin 2. Pupils dilated 3. Normal or subnormal temperature
76
Symptoms of heat stroke
1. Dry hot skin 2. Pupils constricted 3. Very high body temperature (> 104)
77
Fever Work up: criteria for bladder catheterization for UA
1. All males < 6 mo and all uncircumcised males < 12 mo | 2. All females < 24 mo and older female children if symptoms of UTI
78
Fever Work Up in the Toxic Child
1. Rapid virus testing 2. CBC with differential (looking for bandemia) 3. Blood culture 4. CXR 5. Obtain stool for WBCs and guaiac if diarrhea present 6. Lumbar puncture
79
RAPID Approach
``` R: Resuscitation A: Analgesia and Assessment S: sx/chief complaint A: allergies M: medications P: past medical history L: last meal E: events lead up to presentation P: patients needs (non-medical) I: interventions (diagnostic, therapeutic, consults) D: disposition (admit, transfer, discharge, observation) ```
80
Treatment for hypotension post-insect bite allergic rxn
1. IV NS bolus 2. Epinephrine 3. Alternatively give norepinephrine 4. Consider vasopressors (dopamine)
81
Treatment for bronchospasm post-insect bite allergic rxn
Mild-mod distress 1. Nebulized beta agonist (albuterol) 2. Parenteral glucocorticoids (methylprednisolone) Mod-Severe distress 1. Parenteral beta agonists (epinephrine) 2. consider intubation
82
Treatment for urticaria post-insect bite allergic rxn
1. Antihistamines (H1 blockers) diphenhydramine 2. Oral steroids (prednisone, methylprednisolone) 3. Consider epinephrine

Emergency Medicine (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions