test 1 Flashcards
Amygdala
negative emotional valence
Basal Ganglia
connects rest of cortex with motor cortex, sequencing movements, stimulus response, learning, cognitive abilities-memory, lang, learning, asymmetrical cognitive functioning, dopamine
Primary Motor Cortex
participates in different groups of functions: Motor, somatosensory, and “others” (“verbal encoding during a non-semantic process”, “attention to action”, and “motor memory for visual landmarks
Central fissure/sulcus
Central sulcus separates the parietal lobe and the frontal lobe. The central sulcus is a sulcus, or fold, in the cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
fine movement and timing, muscle tone and maintaining posture
Cingulate cortex
receives inputs from the thalamus and the neocortex, and projects to the entorhinal cortex via the cingulum. It is an integral part of the limbic system, which is involved with emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
regulation of bx based on working or temporal memory, regulate behavior based on external cues, executive control, attention, planning
Frontal eye fields
control of visual attention and eye movements.
damage to frontal eye fields impairs visual scanning
Hippocampus
memory, emotional behavior
Hypothalamus
a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity
Lateral or Sylvian fissure/sulcus
separates the frontal and parietal lobes superiorly from the temporal lobe inferiorly. The insular cortex is located immediately deep to the Sylvian fissure
Medial prefrontal lobe
mediates decision making and is involved in the retrieval of remote long-term memory. speech, initiation
Medulla
nuclei that mediate respiration, blood pressure and heart rate
Orbital frontal cortex
cognitive processing of decision-making
PE / PF
Von Economo’s posterior partial areas responds to visual, auditory and somatosensory input, multimodal area!
Pons
connections between cortex and cerebellum
Post-central gyrus
gyrus in the lateral parietal lobe of the human brain. It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex, the main sensory receptive area
Posterior parietal cortex
damage to left parietal lobe can cause difficulty with writing (agraphia) and difficulty with mathematics (acalculia). It can also produce disorders of language (aphasia) and the inability to perceive (vision) objects normally (agnosia)
Posterior parietal lobe mediates “maps” of where things are in space.
Premotor cortex
contributes to the control of movement. coordinates complex movement sequences such as piano playing
three areas of polymodal or multimodal cortex that receives input from multiple sensory areas:
Posterior parietal
Superior Temporal
Prefrontal
physical asymmetries of brain
r hemis larger
L hemis has more grey matter
L superior temporal area and L thalamus larger
Pre-central gyrus
surface of the posterior frontal lobe. It is the site of the primary motor cortex
Reticular formation
It passes through the medulla, pons, and stops in the midbrain. Its functions can be classified into 4 categories: motor control, sensory control, visceral control, and control of consciousness.
superior temporal sulcus
separating the superior temporal gyrus from the middle temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe of the brain
Supplementary motor cortex
select movements when no external cue is present-the presumption is that it is “internally driven”
asymmetry of frontal lobes
L dominant for speech production (movement)
R dominant for facial expresion
broca’s area
Speech production
naming an object, responding to what someone else says, reading.
damage to broker’s area results in deficits in use of verbs and grammar.
Wernicke’s
Speech comprehension
Tectum
superior colliculus, inferior colliculus
tegmentum
cranial nerved and motor nuclei
Thalamus
receives and relays sensory info for all modalities except olfaction.
relays info between different areas of cortex
V1 / Striate Cortex
Primary visual. is the main receiving area for visual signals from the LGN. Striate cortex is divided into six layers numbered from 1 (nearest the surface) to 6 (deepest).
Tertiary or multimodal association cortex
manages information from multiple sense modalities; a multimodal association area also may integrate information from motor areas.
Primary somatosensory cortex
processing tactile information, data about sensations in joints, and skin sends info to association area to be analyzed.
motor cortex
signals to muscles to make movements
