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fcs 100 > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

is a legally recognized union between two people
Can be a man + women, women + women, man + man
Tend to be united sexually (what about asexuality?)
Cooperate economically
May give birth to, adopt, foster, or rear children

The union is assumed to be permanent
May be dissolved by separation or divorce

A

marriage

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2
Q

The establishment of rights and obligations connected to gender, sexuality, relationships with kin and in-laws, and legitimacy of children
The establishment of specific roles within the wider community and society
The orderly transfer of wealth and property from one generation to the next
The assignment of the responsibility for caring for and socializing children is left to the spouses or their relatives

A

shared characteristics of marriage

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3
Q

The practice of having one spouse at one time

The only legal form of marriage in the U.S.

A

monogamy

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4
Q

The practice of having two or more spouses at one time

the preferred marital arrangement worldwide

A

polygamy

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5
Q

the practice of having two or more wives

A

polygyny

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6
Q

the practice of having two or more husbands

A

polyandry

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7
Q

A practice in which one person may have several romantic partners over the course of their lifetime (just never all at the same time

A

Serial Monogamy/Modified Polygamy

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8
Q

The rights and benefits of marriage include but are not limited to:
(CIVIL)

A

Legal status with partner’s children
Partner medical decisions
Right to inherit property
Award of child custody in divorce proceedings
Control, division, acquisition, and disposition of community property
Division of property after dissolution of marriage
Payment of worker’s compensation benefits after death
Public assistance from the Department of Human Service

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9
Q

“a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together in a household”

A

Census Definitions:

Family

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10
Q

“one or more people –everyone living in a housing unit makes up a household”

A

household

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11
Q

“Two or more persons related by birth, marriage, adoption, or choice…defined by socioemotional ties and enduring responsibilities, particularly in terms of one or more members dependence on the others for support and/or nurturance.”

A

a more inclusive definition of family

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12
Q

A major reason we have trouble thinking realistically about the diversity of families is because we are stuck believing in this one type of family
Consists of one father, one mother, and children

A

nuclear family

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13
Q

A middle-class version of the nuclear family, yet with stereotypically defined gender roles for father and mother

A

traditional family

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14
Q

Grandparents, in-laws, aunts + uncles, cousins

A

extended family

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15
Q

Unrelated individuals who are treated and feel like part of a family (e.g., boyfriend/girlfriend, friend, godchild, pet, clergy member)

A

affiliated kin

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16
Q

In Native American tribes, a group of related families are considered one family unit

A

clans

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17
Q

The family formed through deep, personal connection with one or more persons, such as a friendship

A

family of choice

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18
Q

The family formed through living or cohabiting with another person

A

family of cohabitation

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19
Q

The family formed through marriage and childbearing

A

family of procreation

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20
Q

The family in which we grow up or spend our time residing with

A

family of orientation/ family of origin

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21
Q

is the social organization of the family based on certain rights and responsibilities of the different family members

is usually made up of the combining of the nuclear family roles (parent, child, husband, wife) with the extended family roles (grandparent, aunt + uncle, cousin, in-laws)

A

kinship system

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22
Q

functions of marriages & families

A

provision of intimacy

formation of a cooperative economic unit

reproduction and socialization

assignment of social roles and status

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23
Q

why live in families

A
  • continuity as a result of emotional attachments, rights, and obligations
  • close proximity
  • intimate awareness of others
  • economic benefits
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24
Q

There has been a shift from individual self-sacrifice towards personal fulfillment
Today’s families are seen as weaker and less able to meet the needs to children, adults, and wider society

A

conservative

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25
Q

Changes in families are a natural part of life and not a sign of weakening family unit
These changes could be due to economic issues, but nevertheless require a greater acceptance of diversity

A

liberal

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26
Q

Some family changes hold negative consequences, yet also note economic issues as having an impact on family life

A

centrist

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27
Q

Suspend the beliefs, biases, or prejudices we have about a subject until we understand what is being said

A

importance of objectivity

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28
Q

Value judgments usually includes words that mean “should” (or, “I feel”) and imply that our way is the correct way

A

objective statements vs value judgments

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29
Q

belief that everyone has the same experiences and values that we have and therefore should think as we do

A

egocentric fallacy

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30
Q

belief that our ethnic group, nation, or culture is innately superior to others

A

ethnocentric fallacy

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31
Q

sets of general principles or concepts used to explain a phenomenon and to make predictions that may be tested and verified experimentally

A

theories

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32
Q

tend to focus on the family as part of a much larger social culture; the family is a social institution constantly interacting with and being influenced by a variety of systems (e.g., economy, government, systemic privilege + oppression)

A

macro-level theories

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33
Q

tend to focus on the family as part of a much larger social culture; the family is a social institution constantly interacting with and being influenced by a variety of systems (e.g., economy, government, systemic privilege + oppression)

A

micro-level theories

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34
Q

how families are influenced by and in turn influence the wider environment

A

The emphasis of family ecology theory

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35
Q

the most immediate systems individuals and families interact with (e.g., family members, friends, neighbors)

A

microsystem

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36
Q

the interconnections between microsystems and how they influence each other (e.g., school, work, neighborhoods)

A

mesosystem

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37
Q

settings in which an individual does not directly interact, yet is still influenced by in their everyday lives (e.g., spouse’s workplace, child’s school)

A

exosystem

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38
Q

– encompasses the larger systems of society that influence family life (e.g., government, laws, customs, attitudes)

A

macrosystem

39
Q

When structural functionalists study the family, they look at three aspects:

A

What functions the family as an institution serves for society
What functional requirements family members perform for the family
What needs the family meets for its individual members

40
Q

Structural functionalism treats society as if it were a

A

living organism, like a person, animal, or tree

41
Q

Conflict is a natural part of life. Humans are constantly in struggle over resources

A

Conflict theory holds that life involves discord and competition

42
Q

Marriages and families are composed of individuals with different personalities, ideas, values, tastes, and goals

A

sources of conflict in families

43
Q

Family members have different resources and amounts of power

A

sources of power

44
Q

there are 4 important sources of power

A

legitimacy
money
physical coercion
love

45
Q

have an action orientation alongside their analytical one as they strive to raise society’s level of awareness regarding the oppression of women as well as other marginalized groups of people

A

feminists

46
Q

looks at how people interact with one another

We interpret or attach meanings to interactions, situations, roles, relationships and other individuals whenever we encounter them

A

symbolic interaction theory

47
Q

Anything that might meet our needs (personal, familial, or community needs)
Can include societal approval, financial success, marital relationships, parent-child relationships

A

rewards

48
Q

Come as a result from loss of opportunities based on the choices we make
In families, these can be the gain of extra responsibility which might result in the loss of spontaneity, free time, money, sex, affection, job or educational venture

A

costs

49
Q

Overall evaluation the reward or cost

Just because something is viewed as a reward, does not mean it is also a profit…

A

profits/ losses

50
Q

deals with large quantities of information that is analyzed and presented statistically
Larger sample sizes; tends to utilizes surveys and questionnaires
A goal is to generalize results to larger population

A

quantitative research

51
Q

is concerned with a detailed understanding of the object of study
Smaller sample sizes; tends to utilizes interviews, clinical research, observation
A goal is to build new theories

A

qualitative research

52
Q

primary unit for producing goods and caring for the needs of its members
Marriages were arranged
The wife was not an equal, but a helpmate
Like her children, the colonial wife was economically dependent on her husband

A

Colonial Families

53
Q

Marriage and birthrates were unusually high
Divorce rates were uncharacteristically low
The post-war economy boom enabled many to afford to buy houses with only one wage-earning spouse

A

families in the 1950s

54
Q

Unmarried couples sharing living quarters and intimate and sexual relationships

A

cohabitation

55
Q

factors promoting change

A

Economic changes
Technological innovations
Demographics
Gender roles and opportunities

56
Q

A category of people who share a common economic position in the stratified society in which they live

A

social class

57
Q

Reflects the occupations we hold, the income and power they give us, and the opportunities they present or deny us

A

structural considerations

58
Q

Class-specific values, attitudes, beliefs, and motivations that distinguish classes from one another

A

cultural considerations

59
Q

Socio-economic status, which is usually based on income, education, and occupation

A

SES

60
Q

Roughly 10% of the population occupies this position
The uppermost level of this class represents 3% of the population
Combined, their wealth accounts for more than what the “bottom” 90% have
The upper 1% makes at least $2 million/year
Many were born into these classes, or achieved through technology boom, entertainment, or sports

A

upper classes

61
Q

Represents between 45-50% of the population
Upper-middle class consists of highly paid professionals (lawyers, doctors, engineers)
Middle-middle class comprises white-collar service workers, technicians, educators, salespeople, nurses…
Usually have incomes between $40,000 and $80,000

A

middle classes

62
Q

About a third of the U.S. population is working class
Tend to work as skilled or semi-skilled laborers
Jobs might include: plumbers, factory workers, mechanics, clerical workers
High school or vocational educations
Usually earn $20,000-$40,000have

A

working classes

63
Q

Close to 20% percent of Americans are poor
The poverty line was determined by calculating the annual costs of a “minimal food budget” multiplied by three
Families whose incomes are even one dollar above this are not officially classified as poor
Working Poor: Spend at least 27 weeks in the labor force, yet incomes fall below poverty line
Who is likely to be in this category?

A

lower classes

64
Q

relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

A

egalitarian

65
Q

Movement up or down the social class ladder

A

social mobility

66
Q

Group of people classified based on phenotypes (anatomical and physical characteristics –facial features, body structure, skin color)

A

race

67
Q

Group of people classified based on cultural characteristics (e.g., language, customs, religion)

A

ethnic group

68
Q

Based on social experiences and a social hierarchy, which places them at economic, political, educational, and social disadvantages

A

minority group

69
Q

The second-fastest-growing minority in U.S.

A

asian american families

70
Q

The biological aspect of being male or female

Includes chromosomal, hormonal, and anatomical characteristics that differentiate most females from most males

A

sex

71
Q

not innate or biological – it is based on social and cultural rules, norms, expectations

A

gender

72
Q

How one sees themselves and labels themselves with regards to gender

A

gender identity

73
Q

External display of gender, through a combination of dress, demeanor, social behavior, and other factors

A

gender expression

74
Q

The type of sexual, romantic, physical, and/or spiritual attraction one feels for others

A

sexual orientation

75
Q

culturally-defined set of attitudes, behaviors, and expectations that dictate how people with a certain gender are expected to act, think, and feel

A

gender roles

76
Q

broad categories that reflect a culture’s impressions and beliefs about men and women; a belief that males and females, as a result of their sex, possess distinct psychological and behavioral traits

A

gender stereotypes

77
Q

whereby men dominate political and economic institutions and exercise power in interpersonal relationships

A

patriarchies

78
Q

In a heterosexual relationship where both the man and woman have full-time jobs, women overwhelmingly report coming home after work and having to manage household work, as well

A

second shift

79
Q

Two assumptions:
Male-female relationships are characterized by power issues
Society is constructed in such a way that males dominate females
Focuses on:
How specific behaviors or roles are defined as male or female
How labor is divided into man’s work and woman’s work, both at home and in the workplace
How different institutions bestow advantages on men

A

gender theory

80
Q

Emphasizes learning behaviors from others through rewards and punishments and modeling
This approach has been modified to include cognitive processes, such as the use of language, the anticipation of consequences, and observation
Modeling: Learning through imitation

A

social learning theory

81
Q

Learning through imitation
Playing “dress up” is one way children model the characteristics and behaviors of adults
Part of the process of learning what is appropriate for someone of their gender

A

modeling

82
Q

Parents socialize children through four very subtle processes:

A

Manipulation
Channeling
Verbal appellation
Activity exposure

83
Q

From early on, parents treat their sons and daughters differently

Daughters are handled with more care; They are told how “beautiful” they are, and they are told “good girls do not fight”

A

manipulation

84
Q

Children are guided towards and away from certain objects and activities
Gendered toys

A

channeling

85
Q

Parents use different words with boys and girls to describe the same behavior
A little boy who pushes others is “active” or “rambunctious”
A little girl who pushes others is “aggressive”

A

verbal appellation

86
Q

Parents perform certain activities in front of boys and girls and may or may not ask them (or, expect them) to join in
Little boys may not be expected to clean up the table after Thanksgiving dinner

A

activity exposure

87
Q

other sources of socialization

A

school
peers
popular culture and mass media
religion

88
Q

worried by the societal shift in family attitudes and values. believes today’s families are weaker and geared more towards personal self-fulfillment

A

conservative view

89
Q

according to the US census a household consists of a group of 2 or more people related by birth, marriage, or adoption residing in the same household

A

FALSE

90
Q

regarding kinship systems which statement is the most accurate

A

in american society especially we are free to define our kinship relations

91
Q

which macro level theory asserts that human beings are uncooperative and in competition for scarce resources

A

conflict theory

92
Q

family systems theory may try to understand disequilibrium in families and how it leads to turmoil and stress

A

true

93
Q

which type of research might end with the building of a new theory

A

inductive research

fcs 100 (1 decks)

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