Test 1 Flashcards
Factors that influence individual health
Knowledge, genetics, attitude, demographics, ability
Factors that influence social health
Peer group, family, support group
Factors that influence cultural health
Cultural beliefs, attitude, acceptability
Factors that influence socioeconomic health
Poverty, education, resources, social stress
Factors that influence structural health
Access to healthcare, geography, roads, infrastructure
Factors that influence political health
Policies, health insurance, regulations
Factors that influence environmental health
Natural disasters, environmental risk, climate, disease vectors
Factors that influence media health
Tv, movies portrayal, social and mass media
Theory
A set of interrelated constructs and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena
Social Detriments of Health
Heath inequities from the societal conditions from which one is born, lives, work, and age
Social Norms
People’s perceptions of what behaviors are approved or disapproved of by others
Fear Appeal
A persuasive message that attempts to arouse fear in order to divert behavior through the threat of impending danger or harm
Order and Regularity
Natural order of things with the practical application of that knowledge to human ends
Predictability
Prediction of what will happen
Empirical data
Epistemology refers to ideas about how we know what we know. Empiricism, rationalism, and theology are the three trends we use all the time. Generally, empirical data comes to us from our senses
Psychology
Brain Operant Conditioning Ivan Pavlov Behaviorist Humanistic BF Skinner Classical Conditioning Individual Agency
Sociology
Social structure Karl Marx Emile Durkheim Group norms and conformity Pierre Bourdeau
Anthropology
Comparing cultures Frank Boaz Margaret Mead Life patterns Symbols Language
Ecology
Biology
Complex systems
Connected systems
Interdependent systems
Behaviorist Psychology
Behavior is said to be learned or conditioned through action of stimulus-response mechanisms
Ivan Pavlov and the salivating dog
Cognitive Psychology
Focuses on the thinking process such as perception, memory, decision making, interpretation, reasoning
Jean Piaget assimilation and accommodation
Important part of HBM, SCT, TPB
Humanistic Psychology
Focuses on individual agency, the capacity of people to make choices and determine their future
Social Psychology
Concerned about how individuals interact with their social environment-groups, relationships, and other social units
Assimilation
Fitting new information into existing categories of knowledge
Accommodation
Changing/adapting existing beliefs to incorporate new information
Groupthink
Associated with social psychology- Irving Janis investigated groupthink in government decision making
Low Threat
Rejection
High threat/Low efficacy
Message denied/fear control
High threat/High efficacy
Message accepted and behavior changed/danger control
Which theory is “fear appeal”?
EPPM
Which theory is also known as “stages of change”?
TTM
How is TTM different
The TTM changes occur in stages whereas the other models are point in time.
Smoking Cessation is a good example of this
Three stages of modifying health behavior
Assessment: baseline data, diagnose a health problem, causal or supporting factors
Intervention: develop program, target factors and population, create goals
Evaluation: has it been implemented as planned, did it do what it needed, etc
Process
Were the components of the program implemented as planned?
Outcome
What short term or immediate effect did the program have?
Impact
How did the program affect the health problem/issue that was the ultimate target?
Five Evaluation Methods
Historical record keeping approach: track project activities and client participation
Qualitative Evaluation: assess participant change through interviews, focus groups
Benchmarking: assess program and participant impact data against some comparable benchmark standard
Quasi-Experimental Design: pre/post test of a community or population sample similar to the intervention sample, compare groups
Classical Experimental Design: random participants as the target population of the intervention and a control group
Logic Model
A logic model is a diagram or structure that links what you plan to do with its expected outcomes and impacts. Like preceed/proceed.
Output: the activities you plan to include in your intervention
Input: the resources, staff, program components, funds invested in the intervention
Outcomes: short term effects
Impact: long term effects (change in risk behaviors)
Activities: how resources are used
4 main components of EPPM
Self efficacy
Response efficacy
Severity
Susceptibility
Fear?
4 fields that led to public health theories
Psychology
Sociology
Ecology
Anthropology
4 psychology approaches
Cognitive
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Social
