Test 1 Flashcards
- Four major factors involved in judging psychopathology (e.g., what is normal vs. what is abnormal)?
distress, dangerous, deviance, dysfunction
- What is cultural relativism and how does it differ from cultural universality?
cultural relativism- expression of behaviors depend on lifestyle and culture
cultural universality- symptoms of mental disorders are independent of culture
- Which mental disorder has the highest life time prevalence?
Anxiety
- What are the 4 dimensions of multipath model?
social, sociocultural, psychological, biological
- What are the 4 major psychological perspectives?
psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive behavior, humanistic existential
- What 2 brain structures in the limbic system are associated with emotion and memory?
amygdala, hippocampus
- Examples of behavioral models
operant conditioning (training a rabbit with reinforcements), classical conditioning (pavlov’s dog), observable learning (bobo doll)
- Maslows concept of ____ is the inherent tendency to strive toward the realization of ones full potential (the triangle of needs)
self- actualization
- Criticism of humanistic existential therapies
fuzzy, ambiguous
lack of scientific grounding
rely on peoples unique, subjective experiences
do not explain many mental disorders
- ____ is the degree to which a test or procedure yields the same result repeatedly under the same circumstances
reliabilty
- ___ is the extent to which a procedure actually performs its designed function
validity
- what are some examples of projective personality tests (more ambiguous)
TAT, Rorschach technique, draw-a-person, sentence-completion test
- Examples of self report inventories
MMPI, Beck, deoression inventory (BDI)
- Objections to classification and labeling
labeling can lead to overgeneralization, stigma and sterotype
may lead a person to believe they possess chraracteristics associated with the label
social systems often require a label, but mental health labels do not provide how to treat them
- independent variable **identify each one
manipulated variable to determine effect on a dependent variable
- dependent variable
expected to change when an independent variable is manipulated in a psychological experiment
- what is a double blind study design?
participant and researcher are both unaware of the experimental conditions
- What are the 3 fundamental ethical principles for using human subjects in the Belmont research
beneficence, respect for others, justice
- Correlation vs causation
correlation does not mean causation.
positive correlation= both are going up
negative correlation= one goes up while other goes down
- 3 factors that differentiate healthy fear from an anxiety disorder
unfounded fear
produces clinically significant distress or life impairment
symptoms interefere with an individuals day to day functioning
- What neurotransmitter is linked to depression and anxiety?
serotonin (SSRI)
- What is anxiety sensitivity?
tendency to interpret psychological changes in your body as danger
- What are 3 core symptoms of hoarding disorder?
excessive clutter
urge to save
difficulty discarding
- What disorder is being described in the model of positive feedback loop?
panic disorder
- What distinguishes generalized anxiety disorder from a specific phobia?
a. Specific phobia- extreme fear of a specific object
b. GAD- persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive, hard to control worry over life circumstances (worst life outcomes)
- What are obsessions vs compulsions
obsession- thought
compulsion- action to reduce the thought
a. Obsessions- consistent, anxiety producing thoughts or images
b. Compulsion- behavior you do to reduce the anxiety
- A-B-C worksheets help with what therapeutic strategy?
cognitive reconstructing (things happen, thoughts, emotions)
- Three components of the cognitive behavioral model
emotion, behavior, thought
