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Nur 450\ > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Considered the founder of organized, professional nursing.

A

Florence knightingale

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2
Q

A specially trained individuals that addresses the humanistic and holistic needs of patients, families, and environments, and provides responses to patterns and/or needs of patients, families and communities to actual and potential health problems.

A

professional nurse

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3
Q

Opposition to the conventional social, political, and economic principles of society.

A

antiestablishment

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4
Q

any branch of creative work that displays form, beautify and any unusual perception.

A

art

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5
Q

all writings in prose or verse

A

literature

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6
Q

all the means of communication, such as newspapers, radio,l and tv.

A

media

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7
Q

a fixed or conventional conception of a person or group held by a number of peole that allows for no individuality.

A

stereotype

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8
Q

Artistic renderings of nurses that imaged them as untrained servants, soldiers,w omen of religious orders, or wealthy people performs acts of christian charity.

A

antiquity image of nursing

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9
Q

Sairy’s literary arrival of nursing representing them of as those who profit from the sick and dying. Longfellow’s portrayal of florence Nightingale was a positive alternating approach.

A

victorian image of nursing

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10
Q

The IOM’s image of nursing entails:

A
  • high education
  • removal of barriers in scope of practice
  • inclusion as interdisciplinary partners
  • improved data collection and information infrastructure.
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11
Q

The results, or end products, of planned study and experience that are focused on specific abilities required for practice.

A

competency outcomes

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12
Q

The problems, changes, and concerns that are current for the present time.

A

contemporary issues.

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13
Q

The essential cluster of abilities and skills requied for competent nursing practrice.

A

core competencies

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14
Q

The progressive movement from one type of level of education to another, often based on flexible, self-directed, or advanced placement options.

A

educational mobility

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15
Q

Shifts in conditoins and concerns that emerge from and influence various aspects of society.

A

educational trends

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16
Q

Standardized evaluation based on objective demonstration of specific required competencies.

A

performance examinations

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17
Q

Trends and issues that influence nursing education.

A

ethics/bioethical concerns
nursing/faculty shortage
disasters, violence & terrorism
increasing professional and personal responsibility

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18
Q

QSEN competencies include:

A

patient centered care, teamwork/collaboration, EBP, QI, safety & informatics

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19
Q

Uses terms such as interactive learning, collaborative learning,a nd competency-based learning.

A

practice based competencies

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20
Q

Essential professional skills

A

thinking critically, reflectives, ethically, and compassionately

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21
Q

A master’s prepared general clinician who oversees the care coordination of a distinct group of patients, evaluates patient outcomes, and has the decision-making authority to change care plans when necessary.

A

Clinical nurse leader

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22
Q

Leader in the healthcare delivery system with expertise in QI and cost-effective resource utilization

A

clinical nurse leader

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23
Q

Voluntary process by which schools of nursing are approved to conduct nursing education programs.

A

accreditation

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24
Q

entity that is responsible for the specialized accreditation of nursing education programs which offer either a certificate, a diplome, or a recognized professional degree.

A

accreditation commission for education in nursing

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25
Q

legal title for nurses prepared by education and competence to perform independent practice

A

advanced practice nurse

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26
Q

An independent agency of the ANA that conducts certification examinations and certifies advanced practice nurses.

A

american nurses credentialing center

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27
Q

Process by which nurses are recognized for advanced education and competence.

A

certification

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28
Q

A subsidiary of the AACN with responsiblity for accrediting baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing programs.

A

CCNE

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29
Q

A variety of initiative to ensure nurses’ knowledge, skills, and expertise beyond initial licensure.

A

continued competency program

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30
Q

Statutory process by which previously licensed persons are included without further action in revisions or additions in nurse practice acts.

A

grandfathered

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31
Q

Professional organization that represents nurses in countries around the world.

A

international council of nurses

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32
Q

The original program whereby nurses licensed in one state seek licensure in another state without repreat examinations.

A

licensure by endorsement

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33
Q

Educational requirements imposed by individual states for renewal of a license.

A

mandatory continuing education

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34
Q

The nurse licensure compact program establsihess interstate compacts so that nurses livensed in one jurisdiction may practice in other compact states without duplicate licensure. Developed this model by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing.

A

mutual recognition model

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35
Q

Organization whose membership consists of the board of nursing of each state or territory.

A

National council of state boards of nursing.

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36
Q

Statute in each state and territory that regulates the practice of nursing.

A

nurse practice act

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37
Q

Appointed board within each state charged with responsibility to administer the nurse practice act of that state.

A

State board of nursing

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38
Q

Statutes that provide for a revocation of laws if not reviewed and renewed within a certain time period.

A

sunset legislation

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39
Q

An idea or general impression.

A

concept

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40
Q

The basic ingredients of theory

A

concepts

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41
Q

Examples of nursing concepts include:

A

pain, quality of life, health, stress, and adaptation

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42
Q

A group of concepts that are associated because of their relevance to a common theme.

A

conceptual model

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43
Q

The collection and organization of data related to nursing and its associated components.

A

Nursing science

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44
Q

The compilation of data that defines, describes, and logically relates information that will explain past nursing phenomena and predict future trends.

A

Nursing theory

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45
Q

A statement that proposes the relationship between and among concepts.

A

Proposition

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46
Q

A diagram or visual representation of concepts, conceptual models, or theory.

A

schematic model

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47
Q

5 steps of the scientific process

A

hypothesis, method, data collection, results, evaluation

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48
Q

Criteria for theory acceptance

A

inclusiveness, consistency, accuracy, relevance, fruitfulness, simplicity

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49
Q

“Does the theory include all concepts related to the area of interest?”

A

inclusiveness

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50
Q

“Can the theory address new entities without having its founding assumptions changed?”

A

consistency

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51
Q

Does the theory explain retrospective occurrences?

A

Accuracy

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52
Q

Does the theory relate to the scientfiic foundation from which it is derived?

A

relevance

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53
Q

Does the theory generate new directions for future research?

A

Fruitfulness

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54
Q

Does the theory provide a road map for replication?

A

Simplicity

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55
Q

Nursing is an art-an art requiring an organized, practical, and scientific training.
Nursing is putting us in the best possible conditions for nature to preserve health-to prevent, restore, or cure disease or injury.

A

Nightingale’s definition of nursing

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56
Q

A brief overview of a research study

A

abstract

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57
Q

an advanced practice nurse who is doctorally prepared and directs and participates in clinical research.

A

clinical nurse researcher

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58
Q

An APN who provides direct care to clients and participates in health education and research.

A

clinical nurse specialist

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59
Q

An evidence-based guide to clinical practice developed by experts in a particular field for direct application in clinical environments.

A

clinical practice guideline

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60
Q

The process of acquiring existing information or developing new information.

A

data collection

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61
Q

Having a foundation based on data gathered through the senses rather than purely through theorizing or logic.

A

Empirical

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62
Q

A qualitative research method for the purpose of investigating cultures that involve data collection, description, and analysis data to develop a theory or cultural behavior.

A

Ethnography

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63
Q

The process of systematically finding, appraising and using research findings as the basis for clinical practice.

A

EBP

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64
Q

A design that includes randomization, a control group, and manipulation between or among variables to examine probability and causality among selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena.

A

experimental design

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65
Q

The inference that findings can be generalized from the sample to the entire population.

A

generalizability

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66
Q

Proposal developed to seek research funding from private or public agencies.

A

grant

67
Q

A qualitative research design used to collect and analyze data aiming to develop theories grounded in real world observations.

A

ground theory

68
Q

Methodology that simultaneously synthesizes several experimental and non-experimental research findings to provide a comprehensive undrestanding of the phenomena of interest.

A

integrativeresear ch review

69
Q

Statistical method of quantitative synthesis of findings from several studies to determine what is known about a phenomenon.

A

meta-analysis

70
Q

Interpretive translations produced from the integration or comparison of findings from qualitative studies.

A

metasynthesis

71
Q

Research design used to develop the validity and reliability of instruments that measure research concepts and variables.

A

methodologic design

72
Q

Holistic view of nature and the direction of science that guides qualitative research

A

naturalistic paradigm

73
Q

Study in which the researcher estimates the resource needs of the group.

A

needs assessment

74
Q

Research-based recommendations stated as standards of practice, procedures, or decision algorithms.

A

practice guidelines

75
Q

Qualitative research design employing inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants.

A

phenomenology

76
Q

Conduct of a smaller version of a proposed study that develops or refines methodology prior to use in a larger study.

A

pilot study

77
Q

systematic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning.

A

qualitative research

78
Q

Formal, objective, systematic process used to describe and tests relationships and examine cause and effect interactions among variables.

A

quantitative research

79
Q

A type of quantitative research study design that lacks one of the components of an experimental design.

A

quasi-experimental research

80
Q

A research design in which data previously collected in another study are analyzed for different aims than the original study.

A

secondary analysis

81
Q

An up-to-date merging of findings from several studies concerning the same topic.

A

state of the science summary

82
Q

A nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of a situation, often through direct questioning of participants.

A

survey

83
Q

What level of evidence includes systematic reviews of RCTs and systematic reviews of nonrandomized trials

A

level I

84
Q

What level of evidence includes single RCT or a single nonrandomized trial

A

level II

85
Q

What level of evidence includes a systematic review of correlational/observational studies?

A

Level III

86
Q

What level of evidence includes a single correlational/observational study?

A

Level IV

87
Q

What level of evidence includes a systematic review of descriptive/qualitative/physiologic studies

A

Level V

88
Q

What level of evidence includes a single descriptive/qualitative/physiologic study

A

Level VI

89
Q

What level of evidence includes opinions of authorities and/or expert opinions?

A

Level VII

90
Q

A method of reimbursing providers in which the insurance company pays the provider a set payment each month to provide a defined set of health care services for the patient enrolled int he insurance company’s health plan.

A

capitation

91
Q

The federal government agency that administers Medicare and Medicaid.

A

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

92
Q

A common method of reimbursement based on a predetermined fixed price per case or diagnosis.

A

DRGS

93
Q

Production of a desired outcome; taking the right action to achieve the expected result.

A

effectiveness

94
Q

The extent to which resources, such as energy, time, and money, are used to produce the intended result.

A

Efficiency

95
Q

The measure of the total value of goods and services produced within a country.

A

GDP

96
Q

AKA the Health insurance marketplace

A

Health insurance exchange

97
Q

An economic term that refers to a small or insignificant change in some variable

A

Marginal

98
Q

A jointly sponsoreds tate and federal program that pays for medical services for persons who are elderly, poor, blind, or disabled and for certain families with dependent children who meet specific income guidelines.

A

Medicaid

99
Q

A federally funded health insurance program for the disabled, persons with end stage renal disease, and persons 65 year of age and older who qualify for social security benefits.

A

Medicare

100
Q

A method of reimbursement for HCPs in which the total amount of payment for care is predetermined based on the patient’s diagnosis.

A

prospective payment system

101
Q

The most common method of payment in today’s HC system

A

prospective payment system

102
Q

A method of reimbursing HCPs in which professional services are rendered and charges are billed based on each individual service provided; AKA fee for service system

A

Retrospective payment system

103
Q

aka universal health care

A

single payer system

104
Q

The process of negotiation sanctioned int he US by the NLRB.

A

arbitration.

105
Q

The process whereby workers organize under the representation of a union in order to share a degree of power with management to determine selected aspects of the conditions of employment.

A

Collective bargaining

106
Q

A term associated with a negative workplace event that results in an allegation by an employee that he or she has not been treated fairly and equitably.

A

grievance

107
Q

A type of union in which there is a single union for all workers in a corporation.

A

industrial unionism

108
Q

A group composed of those who work for others to receive a salary.

A

labor

109
Q

The group of people within a business or company who plan, organize, lead, or control the activities of employees who have agreed to work to receive a salary.

A

management

110
Q

A type of union in which each occupation within a given company has separate unions.

A

occupational unionism

111
Q

A form of protest in which people congregate outside a place of work of location where an event is taking place.

A

Picketing

112
Q

Statutes which prohibit agreements between unions and employers that make membership or payment of union dues o a condition of employment, either before or after hiring.

A

Right-to-work laws

113
Q

To establish a union in a workplace, a majority of employees must express support for the union.

A

Secret ballot elections

114
Q

A work stoppage caused by the refusal of a large portion of employees to perform work.

A

strike

115
Q

Actions that interfere with the rights of employees or employers as identified under the NLRA.

A

unfair labor practices

116
Q

A worksite that requires all new employees in a specific work group to join the union.

A

union shop

117
Q

Financial plan for the allocation of the organization’s resources and a control for ensuring that results comply with the plan.

A

Budget

118
Q

Statements that reflect issues affecting the future performance of the organization; used as the framework for developing the budget.

A

Budget assumptions

119
Q

Amount spent on items that will have long-term value to an organization. Typically includes property and equipment

A

capital expenditures

120
Q

An event or item that requires the outlay of money for purchase or the incurrence of a liability for future payment.

A

expense

121
Q

An approach to budget development that extrapolates from the prior period’s budget and adjusts for future growth or decline in revenues or expenses to determine the budget for the next period.

A

incremental budgeting.

122
Q

The difference between the planned budget and the actual results.

A

Variance

123
Q

An approach to budget development that begins as though the budget were being prepared for the first time.

A

zero-based budgeting

124
Q

allocates funds for daily expenses

A

operating budget

125
Q

allocates funds for salaries, overtime, benefits,and staff development and training.

A

Labor budget

126
Q

Allocates funds for construction projects and/or life sustaining medical equipment.

A

capital budget

127
Q

A citizen who has the opportunity to vote for candidates in elections for representation at the local, state, and federal level.

A

Constituent

128
Q

The professional organizational unit member of the ANA that represents all professional nurses within a state or territory or other defined organizational entity or boundary

A

constituent/state nurses association

129
Q

Personal advocacy by individual constituents in support of a problem/position/option related to a policy issue.

A

grassroots lobbying

130
Q

A set course of action undertaken by governments of HCOs in order to achieve a particular health outcome.

A

Health policy

131
Q

Acting to persuade, educate, and/or convince policy makers to respond positively to a particular position on an issue or to follow a particular course of legislative, regulatory, or funding activity.

A

lobbying

132
Q

The statement of principles and policies of a political party, candidate, or elected official.

A

platform

133
Q

A local, state, or federally elected or appointed official who can propose and directly affect legislation, regulations, or programs that can become actualized.

A

policymaker

134
Q

Rules used to implement legislation and translate concepts into actions that can be put into practice.

A

regulation

135
Q

Individuals, groups, organizations who have a vested interest in and may be affected by policy decisions and actions being taken, and thus may attempt to influence those decisions and actions.

A

stakeholders.

136
Q

Refers to health policy initiatives to effect significant changes in how health is promoted and health care is accessed, delivered, and paid for in the US.

A

healthcare reform

137
Q

Patient care and nursing practice is a

A

Political endeavor

138
Q

written set of rules issued by the government agency that has responsibility for administering the new law

A

regulation

139
Q

the common denominator in any definition of politics

A

influence

140
Q

Unifies nurses’ political voices across the country to enact measures to enhance health care for all
Empowers nurses by encouraging them to take action and make sure their opinions are heard and understood by Congress and the public
Provides structure and coordination for nurses across the country to be involved in grassroots lobbying

A

Nurses strategic action team

141
Q

occurs when uninsured persons do not pay their bills, causing service prices to increase for paying customers

A

cost shifting

142
Q

The two major reasons for national health insurance plan

A

uncompensated care and cost shifting

143
Q

The largest health insurance program in the US

A

medicare

144
Q

part of medicare that covers inpatient hospital services, skilled nursing facilities

A

part A

145
Q

pare of medicare that covers physician services

A

B

146
Q

part of medicare that provides prescription medical benefits

A

D

147
Q

In most states, the fasts growing component in the state budget is:

A

medicaid

148
Q

The primary payer of long term care nationwide

A

medicaid

149
Q

Unifies nurses’ political voices across the country to enact measures to enhance health care for all
Empowers nurses by encouraging them to take action and make sure their opinions are heard and understood by Congress and the public
Provides structure and coordination for nurses across the country to be involved in grassroots lobbying

A

agency for healthcare research and quality

150
Q

master’s degree–prepared nurse who is an expert clinician with additional responsibility for education and research; assesses agency’s readiness for research utilization; works with staff to identify clinical problems; helps staff find, implement, and evaluate findings relevant to current practice

A

clinical nurse specialist

151
Q

doctorally prepared with clinical and research experience

A

clinical nurse researcher

152
Q

basic measure of the product or service being produced

A

service unit or unit-of-service

153
Q

traced directly to production of the unit-of-service

A

direct costs

154
Q

incurred as a result of the organization’s operating expenses but not directly related to providing the unit-of-service

A

indirect costs or overhead

155
Q

the largest union in the US

A

national nurses united

156
Q

Identified the client’s feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes related to health and wellness

A

peplau

157
Q

science of unitary human beings: humans as energy fields that interact constantly with the environment

A

Rogers

158
Q

Nurse implements appropriate measures to assist the client in meeting needs by matching with an appropriate supportive intervention

A

orem

159
Q

Nurse will be the change agent in assisting the individual with adaptation when an insult renders him or her in need of environmental modification

A

roy

160
Q

Theory of cultural care diversity and universality

A

leninger

161
Q

Caring among nurse, environment, and client is essential to healing
Holistic outlook addresses the effect and importance of altruism, sensitivity, trust, and interpersonal skills

A

Watson

162
Q

Defines health as “expanding consciousness,” or increasing complexity
Theory stimulated by concern for those whom health as the absence of disease or disability is not possible
Nurse’s role: recognize person’s unique pattern of life and work within that pattern to achieve person’s goals
Every person in every situation, no matter how disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of the universal process of expanding consciousness

A

Newman

163
Q

Uncertainty in illness is stress-producing and capable of contributing to negative physical and/or psychological outcomes

A

Mishel

164
Q

Four-step framework assists nurses in working with clients: stimuli frame, appraisal stage, initiation of coping mechanisms, and adaptation

A

Mishel

Nur 450\ (1 decks)

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