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General Psychology > TEST 1 > Flashcards

TEST 1 Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

Sensory Neurons

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2
Q

Efferent Neurons

A

Motor Neurons

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3
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

all of your nerves besides the brain or spinal cord

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5
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

responsible for sending and receiving messages between the body and the brain
(made up of afferent and efferent nerves)

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6
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Nerves involved in arousing and calming the body

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7
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

activates the body, uses energy, fight or flight mode

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8
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

calms body, reserves energy

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9
Q

Sensation

A

stimulation of sensory neurons and transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system

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10
Q

Perception

A

organization and interpretation of sensations that forms your view of the world

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11
Q

Absolute Threshold

A

the weakest amount of stimulation needed to provide a sensation

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12
Q

Subliminal Stimulation

A

sensory stimulation that happened below the absolute threshold (i.e., below the amount needed to be recognized)

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13
Q

Difference Threshold

A

the minimal difference between stimuli that is needed to tell them apart

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14
Q

Just Noticeable Difference

A

the minimal difference between stimuli that you can detect

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15
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

the perception of sensory stimuli depends on a combination of physical, biological, and psychological factors

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16
Q

Feature Detectors

A

sensory neurons that fire in response to particular features (such as edges, depth, length, textures, etc.)

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17
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A

process of becoming more sensitive to stimuli of low magnitude and less sensitive to stimuli that remains the same

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18
Q

Visible Light

A

the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that stimulate the eye and produces visual sensations

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19
Q

Cornea

A

transparent covering of the eye

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20
Q

Iris

A

the colorful part of the eye; dilation regulates how much light enters the eye

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21
Q

Pupil

A

black center of the eye; where light enters the eye

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22
Q

Lens

A

behind the iris; focuses the image on the retina

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23
Q

Retina

A

area of the inner surface of the eye; contains rods and cones

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24
Q

Photoreceptors

A

cells that respond to light

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25
Optic Nerve
the nerve that transmits sensory information from the eye to the brain
26
Rods
photoreceptor that is sensitive to how bright or dim light is; allow us to see in black and white
27
Cones
photoreceptor that is sensitive to color
28
Fovea
area at the center of the retina; full of cones
29
Trichromatic Theory
``` states that color vision is the result of three types of cones cones that: -respond to red light -respond to blue light -respond to green light ```
30
Opponent-Process Theory
``` states that color vision is the result of three types of cones cones that: -respond to red or green light -respond to blue or yellow light -respond to intensity of light ```
31
Proximity
nearness; grouping objects that are near each other
32
Similarity
grouping objects that look similar
33
Continuity
the perception that a series of points or lines are continuous
34
Top-Down Processing
the use of knowledge or information to organize parts of a pattern
35
Bottom-Down Processing
Organizing parts of a pattern to recognize the pattern you make
36
Gate Theory
states that the nervous system can only process a limited amount of stimulation at a time
37
Approach-Approach Conflict
both goals are desirable and within reach
38
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
- you want to avoid both goals because both outcomes are undesirable - if you avoid one goal, then you approach the other
39
Approach-Avoidance Conflict
a goal is desirable and undesirable at the same time
40
Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict
several different choices, each have pros and cons
41
Consciousness
- sensory awareness of the world - inner awareness of thoughts and feelings - selective attention - awareness of your waking state
42
Preconscious
not in your awareness, but can be brought into awareness by focusing on it
43
Unconscious
without consciousness; not available in your awareness
44
Nonconscious
bodily processes that cannot become conscious
45
Insomnia
can't fall asleep, stay asleep, or wake up in the morning
46
Narcolepsy
"sleep attack" where the person spontaneously and randomly falls asleep
47
Sleep Apnea
stop breathing while sleeping for a short period of time
48
Sleep Terrors
frightening, dreamlike experiences that happen during NREM
49
Somnambulism
sleep walking
50
Enuresis
bed wetting
51
Explicit Memory
memory of specific information
52
Episodic Memory
what you remember; memories of events that happened to you
53
Semantic Memory
what you know; general knowledge
54
Implicit Memory
memory that is suggested but not directly expressed
55
Procedural Memory
memory of how to do something or skills you have learned
56
Priming
activation of associations in memory without making a conscious effort to access the memory
57
Retrospective Memory
memory for past events
58
Prospective Memory
memory to perform an act in the future
59
Sensory Memory
the first type of memory encountered by a stimulus
60
Iconic Memory
holds mental representations of visual stimuli
61
Echoic Memory
holds mental representations of auditory stimuli
62
Short Term Memory
- Holds information for up to about a minute | - Memories in STM can be manipulated
63
Serial Position Effect
tendency to recall the first and last items in a series more accurately
64
Chunking
grouping stimuli together to help remember them
65
Long Term Memory
stage of memory that is capable of relatively permanent storage
66
Flashbulb Memories
Surprising, important, and emotionally stirring events tend to be preserves in great detail
67
Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon
feeling that information is stored in your memory even thought the information cannot be readily retrieved
68
Context-Dependent Memory
Information encoded and stored in a given context is better retrieved in the same context
69
State-Dependent Memory
Information encoded and stored in a given physiological or emotional state is better retrieved in that same state
70
Recognition
- easiest type of memory task | - multiple choice or matching tests
71
Recall
- involves retrieving information that is stored | - short answer or essay tests
72
Relearning
relearning material often takes less time to learn than it initially took to learn the material
73
Interference Theory
we may forget stored material because other learning interferes with it
74
Retroactive Interference
trouble remembering/retrieving stored information because of the new information being learned
75
Proactive Interference
trouble remembering/retrieving recently learned information because of older information stored
76
Dissociative Amnesia
loss of memory of personal information
77
Infantile Amnesia
cannot recall events that occur prior to age 3
78
Anterograde Amnesia
cannot remember events that happened after a physical trauma
79
Retrograde Amnesia
cannot remember events that happened before a physical trauma

General Psychology (1 decks)

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