TEST 1

Question 1

What is science?

Answer 1

an intellectual activity carried on by humans that is designed to discover information about the natural world in which humans live and to discover the ways in which this information can be organized into meaningful patterns.

Question 2

What is a good hypothesis?

Answer 2

A hypothesis is a tentative, testable answer to a scientific question.

Question 3

How are humans different from other mammals sexually?

Answer 3

• Males can’t tell when Females ovulating
• Humans are one of the three species that have menopause
• Most species one ovulation with an associatied set of intercourse produces one pregnancy. Not Humans though.
• Historically, a substantial proportion of women died in childbirth

Question 4

What determines sex?

Answer 4

it’s determined by the father’s sperm. An X-sex-chromosome-bearing sperm fertilizes an always-X-carrying-egg to make it female (XX), a Y-bearing one makes it male (XY).

Question 5

What is hpv? How does it kill women?

Answer 5

HPV stands for human papillomavirus.

Genital HPV is a very common sexually transmitted infection which usually causes no symptoms and goes away by itself, but can sometimes cause serious illness.

Question 6

What is a vaccine?

Answer 6

a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease

Question 7

Who should decide whether people should get vaccines?

Answer 7

Yourself.

But if proven effective, one should trust the data and research.

Question 8

How does one get infected with an STD?

Answer 8

Kissing, sexual intercourse, Oral sex, dry sexy and indirect contact

Question 9

Can STDS it be cured?

Answer 9

No, but it can be controlled.

Question 10

How common are STDs in America?

Answer 10

More than half of all people will have an STD/STI at some point in their lifetime

Recent estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Infection show that there are 19.7 million new STIs every year in the U.S

In 2008, there were an estimated 110 million prevalent STIs among women and men in the U.S.. Of these, more than 20% (22.1 million) were among women and men aged 15 to 24 years.2

Question 11

explain cell theory

Answer 11

This theory states the following:

All living things are made of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Living cells come only from other living cells.

Question 12

What do we mean by failure rate? (Devices/methods can be used to prevent pregnancy)

Answer 12

The rate in which one can get pregnant

Question 13

Why is “typical” use different from “best” use?

Answer 13

Typical basically means… the most popular method and means it USUALLY does a good job..

Best means..it’s SUPER effective and best way to prevent pregnancy

Question 14

Which birth control is the most effective? Which is the least effective?

Answer 14

IUD is the most effective

Pull out method is the least effective

Question 15

Would you expect to find a chloroplast in an animal?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Would you expect to find a mitochondrion in a plant?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

How does DNP work?

Answer 17

DNP works via increasing heat production in cells- a process known as uncoupling. This making cells less efficient with energy and at completing respiration of ATP– this our energy currency and we rely on it for all bodily functions.

Question 18

What features do all cells have in common?

Answer 18

All cells on Earth have genetic material (DNA), a plasma membrane, cytoplasm (also known as cytosol), and ribosomes. These features are ubiquitous between both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Question 19

explain diffusion

Answer 19

a type of transport that moves molecules or compounds in or out of a cell.

Question 20

explain polarity

Answer 20

simply means that the molecule has both a positively and negatively charged end. More important, the polarity of water is responsible for effectively dissolving other polar molecules, such as sugars and ionic compounds such as salt. Ionic compounds dissolve in water to form ions.

Question 21

What is a cell?

Answer 21

the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane.

Question 22

What is the difference between a cell and a cell organelle?

Answer 22

The difference between a cell and an organelle is that an organelle is part of a eukaryotic cell. While a cell is typically considered to be the smallest self-contained part or independently functioning unit of an organism, organelles are smaller structures within eukaryotic cells that carry out various functions.

Question 23

Who was Robert Hooke, and how does his work tie into cell theory?

Answer 23

an English scientist, discovered a honeycomb-like structure in a cork slice using a primitive compound microscope. He only saw cell walls as this was dead tissue. He coined the term “cell” for these individual compartments he saw.

Question 24

Who was van Leeuwenhoek, and how does he tie in to cell theory?

Answer 24

Anton van Leeuwenhoek is another scientist who saw these cells soon after Hooke did. He made use of a microscope containing improved lenses that could magnify objects almost 300-fold, or 270x. … Leeuwenhoek named these “animalcules,” which included protozoa and other unicellular organisms, like bacteria.

Question 25

What is all matter made up of?

Answer 25

A definition of “matter” more fine-scale than the atoms and molecules definition is:matter is made up of what atoms and molecules are made of, meaning anything made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons.

Question 26

What’s a covalent bond?

Answer 26

is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Question 27

Why is water important?

Answer 27

Water is one of the most important substances on earth. All plants and animals must have water to survive. If there was no water there would be no life on earth. Apart from drinking it to survive, people have many other uses for water.

The temperature of water affects some of the important physical properties and characteristics of water: thermal capacity, density, specific weight, viscosity,surface tension, specific conductivity, salinity and solubility of dissolved gases and etc.

Question 28

What are the characteristics of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins?

Answer 28

Unlike carbohydrates and proteins, lipids are generally insoluble in water. Lipids refer to organic biochemicals such as fats, oils, sterols, phospholipids, lipoproteins and waxy elements. Lipids store energy, are structural components of cell membranes and also help in the synthesis of vitamins and hormones.

Proteins vary in length and complexity based on the number and type of amino acids that compose the chain. There are about 20 different amino acids, each with a different chemical structure and characteristics; for instance, some are polar, others are nonpolar.

Question 29

Chemical Structure

Answer 29

A carbohydrate is a simple sugar. Its basic structure is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with generally twice the hydrogen as carbon and oxygen. In its simplest form, a carbohydrate is a chain of sugar molecules called monosaccharides.

Question 30

What is the relationship between fertility and income?

Answer 30

Income and fertility is the association between monetary gain on one hand, and the tendency to produce offspring on the other. There is generally an inverse correlation between income and fertility within and between nations.