Test 1

Question 1

What are the 3 tenets in the art of nursing?

Answer 1

Caring
Attending
Pt advocacy

Question 2

What are 7 signs of mental health?

Answer 2

Happiness vs MI
Control over behavior vs d/o
Appraisal of reality vs psychosis
Effectiveness in work vs adjustment d/o
Healthy self concept vs dependent personality d/o
Satisfying relationship vs BPAD
Effective coping strategies vs substance dependence

Question 3

What is Freuds psychoanalytic theory based on? What does he believe most d/o are derived from?
What are the 5 stages?

Answer 3

Unconscious thought-interprets meaning.(psycho sexual)

Early life traumas.

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital.

Question 4

What are the 3 parts of personality freud focuses on?

Answer 4

Id: pleasure principle (me focused)
Ego:reality principle (sense of self)
superego: conscience (moral and ethical values)-developed over time.

Question 5

What are the therapies for freud?

Answer 5

Psychoanalytic/dynamic models

Learning to understand unconscious motivation for behaviors by free association (pulls repressed memories) and dream analysis.

(Transference/counter)

Question 6

What is Sullivan’s interpersonal theory? 5 stages? What is it aimed at avoiding?

Answer 6

Early interpersonal relationships are crucial for personality development. More childhood based.

Infancy, childhood, juvenile, pre-adol, adol.

Anxiety-then develops d/o.

Question 7

What is the interpersonal therapy focused on?

Answer 7

Currency, life now.

Awareness of dysfunction patterns leads to change in behavior.

Question 8

What are pavlov, watson, and skinners behavior theories?

Answer 8

Pavlov-classic conditioning (invol behavior can be conditioned to respond to neutral stimuli)

Watson-maladaptive behavior is learned.

Skinner-operant conditioning. Vol behavior are learned thru consequences of reinforcement.

Question 9

What is cognitive behavioral therapy?

Answer 9

(D/o result of faulty thinking)
Modify neg thoughts/feelings/behavior
-Id neg think patterns
-abc record: activate event, automatic beliefs, conseq of beliefs 
-reformat neg thinking to realistic

Question 10

What does Piagets theory of cognitive development state? 4 stages?

Answer 10

Mental representation is based on level of cognition reached. (Infancy to adulthood)
Sensorimotor:basic reflexs (hand to eye)
Preoperational:concrete thinking
Concrete operational:logical thought, abstract problem solving.
Formal operational:puberty, mirror adults

Question 11

What are the 4 lobes of the brain. What do these control?

Answer 11

Frontal:thought processes
Parietal:sensory/motor functions
Occipital:visual functions
Temporal:auditory functions affecting language and speech.

Question 12

What are specific functions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 12

Mental activity
Consciousness
Perception of external world
Emotional status
Memory
Voluntary motor activity
Language and communication

Question 13

What structures are in the temporal lobe? What do they control?

Answer 13

Hippocampus:learning/memory
Amygdala:memory and processing of fear and anxiety

Question 14

What is the limbic system composed of? What does it control?

Answer 14

Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus.

Emotional motivational areas associated w/ perception, attention, and memory.

Activity slowed by antianxiety meds.

Question 15

What does the basal ganglia control? What controls the exrapyramidal motor system of the basal ganglia?

Answer 15

Smooth muscle movement and integration of emotions and thoughts.

Dopamine

Antipsychotic meds block dopamine therefore block voluntary movement creating invol movement.

Question 16

What are the thalamus and hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 16

Thal:sensory relay station to cerebral cortex

Hypo:homeostasis of multiple body systems. Secretes releasing hormones.

Question 17

How does stress affect the hypothalamus? What in turn happens?

Answer 17

Stress causes release of CRF which stims anterior pit to release ACTH, stim release at adrenal cortex of cortisol (stress hormone)

Antidepressants reverse dysfunctions

Question 18

What has PET scans shown in individuals w/ depressive d/o, schiz, and OCD?

Answer 18

Dep/schiz: decreased brain metabolism, low dopamine

OCD:inc brain metab

Question 19

What are the neurotransmitters?

Answer 19

Dopamine, serotonin, NE, histamine, GABA, glutamate, Acetylcoline

Question 20

What are the functions of dopamine?

Answer 20

Stims heart, inc blood flow to organs
Muscle movement and motor coordination
Integration of emotions and thoughts, and decision making
Inc in mania/schiz
Dec in dep/Parkinson's

Question 21

What can occur with excessive dopamine blocking? And SE to using?

Answer 21

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (too little dopamine)

Acute extrapyramidal symptoms (ICU pt):muscle stiff, dystonia, akathesia.
Tardive dyskinesia:abnormal invol irregular movements (permanent) like lip smacking toe tapping grimacing

Question 22

What are other SE to blocking NT’s:NE, Histamine, acetylcholine

Answer 22

NE:hypotension
Histamine:sedation weight gain
Acetyl:antichol effects:blur vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary hes.
(Dopa blocker can Inc levels of prolactin)amenorrhea , galactorrhea, gynocomastia, sex dysfunc, priapism, impotence.