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WCiv II > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Edict of Fontainbleu

A

King of France allows people to be Huguenots

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2
Q

Philip Monray

A

Said it was ok for Christians to rise up against the king. –> idea of revolution

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3
Q

Catherine de ‘Medici

A

Wife of King Henry of France

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4
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Reestablishes freedom of religion

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5
Q

Cardinal Richelieu

A

Main minister to Louis XIII. Goal was centralization. Created a new class of officers, intendant, that represented king’s power.

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6
Q

The Fronde

A

7 years of civil war in Louis XIV youth.

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7
Q

Louis XIV

A

“Sun King” biggest goal was to break down nobles. Absolutism. “One king, one law, one state” revokes Edict of Nantes.

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8
Q

Versailles

A

Huge palace. Place where nobles to come and party and not worry with politics and government.

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9
Q

Letter de Cachet

A

Given to someone considered a threat to government . Person would disappear.

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10
Q

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

A

XIV’s financial minister. Put money into roads and canals. Reduced local taxes. Pursue oversea colonies and creat monopolies.

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11
Q

Mercantilism

A

“How should government intervene in economics?” Maximizes wealth for government.

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12
Q

Jansenists

A

Catholic leaders that did not like the policy of Gallicanism. The king got to name positions because he didn’t not tax the church.

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13
Q

Polish Sejm

A

Parliament that didn’t want a strong king. Elected a king as “head of state” but he had no power.

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14
Q

Liberum Veto

A

“Free veto” Power of nobles to call suspension to anything. One “no” and the law couldn’t change.

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15
Q

Peter 1

A

Modernizes Russia. He imposed his will and fought Estonia and Latvia.

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16
Q

Boyars

A

Russian nobles who were afraid of losing power to Peter.

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17
Q

James 1

A

He is “God’s Lieutenant.” Expected Parliament not to resist him. Tried to rule w/o parliament.

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18
Q

Guy Fawkes

A

Zealot. Tried to kill James at West Minster Abbey.

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19
Q

Charles I

A

Calls parliament to as for taxes. Parliament presents Petition of Rights

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20
Q

Petition of Rights

A

No more forced loans, no quartering of troops, more religious freedom

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21
Q

Oliver Cromwell

A

Leader of Puritans in parliament. Becomes head of state after the king is killed.

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22
Q

Glorious Revolution 1689

A

Parliament plans rebellion against the king. James II flees. Parliament then asks William and Mary to come from Netherlands. Bill of rights creates constitutional monarchy.

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23
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

People are unable to govern themselves. Social contract: give up individual right to govern for security.

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24
Q

John Locke

A

Rejects Hobbes. Tyrannical government cannot be tolerated. Natural rights: life, liberty, and property. If taken away, rebellion must occur.

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25
Q

Copernicus

A

Polish monk that discovers the sun is the center of the universe.

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26
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Orbits are ellipses.

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27
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Gravity

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28
Q

Galileo

A

Italian astronomer

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29
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Advocate for scientific method. Wrote: Advancement of Learning.

30
Q

Rene Descartes

A

“I think, therefore I am.” Use math as proof.

31
Q

David Hume

A

Scottish philosopher. Wants humans to doubt everything. Predecessor to Enlightenment.

32
Q

Royal Society of Improving Natural Science

A

England 1662

33
Q

Voltaire

A

Looked for reason, tolerance and love. Happiness and liberty are central goals. Hates absolute monarchy and the church in France.

34
Q

Diderot

A

Encyclopedia 1751-1765. Wanted to give humanity anything that would help humanity. French

35
Q

Montesquieu

A

Nobleman. What government is best for the people? Legislative, Executive, and Judicial.

36
Q

Adam Smith

A

1st economists. Cause behind wealth? Wrote: Inquiry of Wealth of Nations. Rallies against mercantilism.

37
Q

Beccaria

A

Italian. Looked at way criminal law is. Trial juries, procedures of evidence, Habious (can’t spell) Corpus.

38
Q

Deism

A

All powerful God, but does not intervene.

39
Q

Frederick II

A

Prussia. Introduced policy changes, used state money to try to improve agriculture.

40
Q

Joseph II

A

Austria. Rational leader of people. Father type figure. Introduced freedom of religion. No more internal tariffs.

41
Q

Catherine the Great

A

Russia. Tries to modernize Russia. Moves education forward, expanded transportation, and creates urban middle class.

42
Q

War of Jenkins Ear

A
  1. England and Spain. Captain Jenkins’ ear gets off by Spanish Officer. War based on commerce. Beginning of a series of wars in effort to get commercial trading empires.
43
Q

Fort Louisbourg

A

French fort that threatened economic security of New England. American colonists put together exposition to take fort. Colonists were successful.

44
Q

Fort Duquesne

A

French challenge English for Trans-Appalachian area. Leads to French vs. Indian War. Leads to 7 years war in Europe.

45
Q

Convention of Westminster

A

Diplomatic Revolution; William Pitt the Second approaches Prussia and offers alliance. Makes French fight in Europe so English could knock French of North America, Caribbean, and India.

46
Q

Lord Grenville

A

Finance Minister of England. Try to manage Britain’s debt Comes up w/idea to tax Americans. Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Townsend Duties, Boston Massacre, Coercive Act.

47
Q

Stamp Act

A

First Direct tax on almost all colonist.

48
Q

Declaratory Act

A

Parliament abolish Stamp Act, but have the right to legislate on American colonists on everything.

49
Q

Mutiny Act

A

Americans get angry and attack tax collectors. English pass to send in troops to stop attacks in Boston and other problem cities.

50
Q

Coercive Acts

A

After Boston Tea Part, Strips Massachusetts of self government. Imposes new military governor, and gets rid of legislature and judiciary.

51
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Common Sense. January 1776. Left England because of George III. He believes America is where liberty is going to come to the world. He helps unify Americans.

52
Q

Gilbert du Motier

A

“Layfette” French nobleman who helps in Revolutionary War.

53
Q

York Town

A

Cornwallis trying to escape Virginia. French prevent British from helping Cornwallis. Cornwallis surrenders.

54
Q

Federalist Papers

A

Explanation of Constitution. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay wrote essays that explained democracy.

55
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Holds up ideas of restricted government. Maximization of liberty for individuals.

56
Q

Assembly of Notables

A

didn’t want to call Estates General, so King called a group of nobles that he thinks he can convince. Trying to get approval to tax noble. They deny him.

57
Q

Don Gratuit

A

a sizable gift given to king from the Church. Was withheld in 1788.

58
Q

Tennis Court Oath/ National Assembly

A

The 3rd Estate wants more say. They would not join Estates General until they got what they wanted. Went to indoor tennis court and created a constitutional assembly. Wanted to create a constitutional monarchy. Some Nobles and Clergy agreed to create National Assembly.

59
Q

The Great Fear

A

July and August 1789. Panic sweeps country side. Peasants spread rumors that Nobles are traveling around seizing crops, so peasants struck manor houses of local nobles. Farmers began hiding crops.

60
Q

Rights of Man

A

August 27, 1789. Determines what are fundamentals rights of bread.

61
Q

Jacobins

A

Most organized political club. They wanted constitutional monarchy. Some wanted a straight republic. Organized in different cities.

62
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A

Ministers become workers of the state.

63
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A

Prussia and Austria declare that if the royal family gets injured or deprived of rights, they will step in.

64
Q

Robespierre

A

Realized power is in the streets. He was a deist. He was angry with the state, nobility, and church. Thinks humans can become virtuous.

65
Q

Levee en masse

A

Robespierre called for arming of every man to fight for revolution.

66
Q

Thermidorean Reaction

A

Based off new name for July. Robespierre over thrown by a cue.

67
Q

The Directory

A

5 person executive government in which no one agrees with each other.

68
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

Legal system that put equality before the law. It made government positions open to everyone.

69
Q

Organic Articles

A

Got rid of anti-church attitude. Napoleon affirmed the right to religious individualism, but gives the Church a special role in education of France. Gave Catholic Church a privileged position in government

70
Q

Prefect

A

Governor-type leader in reorganized France.

71
Q

Continental System

A

No one in Europe can trade w/ Britain

72
Q

Chapelier Law

A

Laissez-fair economics abolish guilds and mercantilism. New tax system. Helped established factories. Put strife between Guilds and merchant classes.

WCiv II (1 decks)

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