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nL Language Development > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What components is language composed of

A 
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
Semantics
Pragmatics
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2
Q

rule system that governs the production and sequencing of speech sounds into syllables and words

A

Phonology

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3
Q

rule system that governs changes in word meaning at the intraword level

A

Morphology

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4
Q

component of language governed more in Spanish than in English

A

Morphology

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5
Q

Meaning of word can be changed through:

A

prefixes, suffixes, phoneme, puncuation, etc

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6
Q

rule system that governs the sequencing of words into phrases and sentences

A

Syntax

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7
Q

Word meaning

A

Semantics

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8
Q

Sentence structure

A

Syntax

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9
Q

How we put connected speech together

A

Syntax

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10
Q

The younger the child, or the more cognitively underdeveloped a child, the more ______ their sentences

A

Simple

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11
Q

SAAD sentence

A

Simple
Active
Affirmative
Declarative

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12
Q

Use of language

A

Pragmatics

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13
Q

Pragmatics is based on _______

A

Context

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14
Q

Context is referring to:

A

The situation

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15
Q

Bloom and Lahey referred to Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax together as:

A

Grammar

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16
Q

Referred to Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax together as grammar

A

Bloom and Lahey

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17
Q

How did others refer to Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax together

A

Form
Content
Use

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18
Q

Content=

Use=

A

Semantics

Pragmatics

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19
Q

The language you actually know and understand

A

Language competence

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20
Q

The language you use

A

Language performance

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21
Q

Do people tend to have more language competence or performace

A

Competence

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22
Q

Does language competence or performace come first (usually)

A

Competence

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23
Q

Theories of Language Acquisition

A

Behaivorist

Psycholinguistic/Syntactic

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24
Q

Consequences according to Skinner

A

Positive
Negative
Punishment

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25
Q

Who said there were three consequences (positive, negative, punishment) that govern behaivor

A

Skinner

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26
Q

Behaivorist theory is purely (nature, nurture, blended)

A

Nurture

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27
Q

Said all behaivor is learned

A

Skinner

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28
Q

Parent/child role in behaivorist theory

A

Parent: active
Child: passive

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29
Q

Limitations to behaivorist theory

A
  1. Parents are not good connected speech role models
  2. We do not actively teach all the vocabulary that a child acquires
  3. We only reinforce a small percentage of their utterances
  4. We are poor shapers of behavior
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30
Q

Why do we only reinforce a small percentage of child’s utterances

A

language happens too fast and you don’t have enough time to reward every utterance

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31
Q

Positives to behaivorist theory

A

It’s a great model for rehabilitation

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32
Q

Major component of psycholinguistic/syntactic theory

A

Chomsky

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33
Q

Chomsky’s hypothesis

A

Children are born with language (innate)

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34
Q

Parent/child’s role according to Chomsky

A

Parent: passive
Child: active

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35
Q

In Chomsky’s early worked he referred to babies as

A

“mini scientists”

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36
Q

Chomsky explained that it is a ____________ as to how language is used

A

neural process

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37
Q

Chomskys levels of linguistic processing

A

Deep structure

Surface structure

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38
Q

A sentence in its most simplistic form

A

Kernel sentence

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39
Q

Deep structure populated by

A

infinite number of kernel sentences

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40
Q

Kernel sentences live in

A

deep structure

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41
Q

Turns deep structure into surface structure

A

Transformations

42
Q

Positives to Psycholinguistic theory

A

Chomsky spurred other people to research language acquisisiton

43
Q

Limitations to Psycholinguistic theory

A
  1. It does not explain language acquisition

2. omits any contribution of the child’s knowledge

44
Q

Textbook written by Chomsky

A

Transformational Grammar

45
Q

Age range for substage I

Called what?

A

0 to 1 month

Reflexive

46
Q

Age range for substage II

Called what?

A

1 to 4 months

Pre-Imitation

47
Q

Age range for substage III

Called what?

A

4 to 8 months

Secondary Circular

48
Q

Age range for substage IV

Called what?

A

8 to 12 months

Intent

49
Q

Age range for substage V

A

12 to 18 months

50
Q

Age range for substage VI

Called what?

A

18 to 24 months

Transitional

51
Q

Characteristics of substage I

A

Baby is reflexive

Very litting cognitive acitivity

52
Q

a. Baby begins to refine sucking, looking, and grasping

A

Pre-imitation stage

53
Q

the action itself promoted more of the same action

A

Primary circular reaction

54
Q

At what age is baby is building the precursors for imitation

A

3.5 to 4 months

55
Q

the baby repeating habitual behaviors if someone else (adult) performs the behavior after the child

A

pre-imitation stage

56
Q

c. Stage where most parents buy the child a bouncy seat that “walks”

A

Secondary circular

57
Q

Characteristics of secondary circular stage

A

Refines movement skills

Coordinates vision and grasp (eye hand coordination)

58
Q

Around 8 months he will imitate your behavior if what conditions are in place

A

Must have produced the behavior spontaneously and must have done it previously

Baby must be able to see and hear himself as he performs the behavior

59
Q

Stage where child starts doing thing on purpose

A

Intent

60
Q

Child signals intentionality through

A

means-end behaivor

61
Q

baby continually dropping something to keep watching someone pick it up is an example of

A

means-end behaivor

62
Q

Object permanence

A

Object remains itself with changes in location or orientation

63
Q

f. This stage is about externalization of cognition

A

Intent

64
Q

stage characterized by experimentation and exploration

A

substage V

65
Q

Kids have to know things to be able to communicate with you

A

semantic/cognitive model

66
Q

Knowledge happens through social interaction with other humans

A

Sociolinguistic model

67
Q

Newson

A

There is an innate piece that you have to have learning and interaction to be productive

68
Q

Coined the term prelinguistic dialogue

A

Jerome Boiner

69
Q

5 Tools for Learning Acquisition

Are present in nL children by what age

A 
Imitation
Object Permanence
Causality
Means/End Beahaivor
Play

2 y/o

70
Q

Theory that is:
Use
Form
Content

A

Behaivor
Syntactic
Semantic

71
Q

3 things that must happen to imitate

A

be able to attend and register what is happening in environment

be able to replicate it

be able to take turns

*attend, take turn, replicate

72
Q

Piaget indicated that imitation aids early:

A

meaning formation

73
Q

realization that you have power to cause change in environment

A

causality

74
Q

selecting the right strategy/tool to effect change

A

means/end behaivor

75
Q

link between causality and means/end behaivor

A

knowing you can cause change and selecting the right tool to do it

76
Q

a childs occupation

A

play

77
Q

3 rules to make play

A

enjoyable
voluntary
participation

78
Q

play helps a child acquire the:

A

structure of linguistic interaction

79
Q

wrote alot about pragmatics and use

A

Bates

80
Q

Bates thinks that in order to use language there must first be

A

a predisposition for it

81
Q

Garvey spoke about

A

speech act

82
Q

speech act

A

intentional verbally encoded social gesture from one person to another

83
Q

all speech acts are

A

social gestures

84
Q

single act or prosodic pattern used to convey intention before language develops

A

primitive speech act

85
Q

verbal, intentional=
doesn’t need words=

*speech acts

A

speech act

primitive speech act

86
Q

prosody=

A

rate
rhythm
pitch
inflection

87
Q

Dore talked about

A

primitive speech act

88
Q

ability to differentiate one entity from any others

A

reference

89
Q

joint reference

A

two or more persons share the same referential concept

90
Q

why do parents repeat themselves

A

to establish reference and joint reference

91
Q

reference and joint reference take place

A

in context

92
Q

Children seek attention in 3 ways:

A

Indicating
Deixis
Naming/Labeling

93
Q

Said - Social interaction with infants and toddlers spurs language and cognitive acquisition

A

Newson

94
Q
  • Determined parenting style has a huge influence on early language acquisition
A

Boiner

95
Q

a newborn infant will communicate for four diff reasons

A

Relief from discomfort
Reestablishment of proximity
Terminate interaction
Implies cognition

96
Q

Said babies are prewired for language

A

Newson

97
Q
  • Says that language and cognition develops separately
A

Vigolsky

98
Q

Says language comes first

A

Whorf

99
Q

Terms that deal with Development of Intentionality

A

Prelocutionary Stage
Illocutionary Stage
Locutionary Stage

100
Q

Vigolsky said sociolinguistic is a combination of

A

smarts and innate

nL Language Development (1 decks)

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