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adv. med surge. test 1 > test 1 > Flashcards

test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How is COPD diagnosed based on assessment?

A

-productive cough
-dyspnea
-accessory muscles to breathe
-wheezing
-hypoxia
-hypercapnia
-resp. acidosis
-increased HGB and Increased resp rate
-digital clubbing
-Sputum culture
Barrel chest
-Chronic weight loss

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2
Q

Col Pulmonale

A
  • Right side heart failure due to lung condition
  • can lead to peripheral edema
  • distended neck veins
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3
Q

Position for COPD position

A

Tripod position. Expands thoracic area

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4
Q

Commonly used for COPD patients PRIOR to exercising

A

Bronchodilators

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5
Q

Contraindicated for pts. with asthma

A

P.A.M

  • Propanalol
  • Atenolol
  • Metropolol
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6
Q

Albuterol

A
  • rescue inhalers used during asthma attack

- bronchodilator: short acting beta-adrenergic agonists

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7
Q

Mucomyst

A

A Mucolytic that helps break down mucus and can actually cause patients to have bronchial spasms

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8
Q

When do you know asthma tx. is effective?

A

Patients lung is clear to auscultation

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9
Q

Concepts related to chest tube. what is it used for?

A

-For drainage of fluid, gas, or solids in the lungs (pleura space)

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10
Q

Minimal air leak technique

A

used by physicians during tracheostomy insertion using pressures less than 25 cm H2O to avoid tracheal dilation

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11
Q

What do you do whenever a dysrhythmia takes place during suctioning?

A

nurses should stop suctioning and ventilate patient with 100% oxygen

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12
Q

what do you do If resp. rate increases while on a ventilator?

A

Suction

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13
Q

If secretions are thick

A

May be due to dehydration. Patient needs fluids

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14
Q

What can you do if pt. hyperventilates while on ventilator (CO2 and PaCO2 drops)?

A

Decrease the resp. rate on the ventilator and it may help

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15
Q

ABGs

A 
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaO2: 80-100
PaCO2: 35-45
HCO3: 21-28
SaO2: 95-100
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16
Q

If patient has trouble weaning what do you do?

A

-Stop weaning

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17
Q

What do you do if pt. Self-extubates?

A

Nurse should manually ventilate patient with 100% oxygen

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18
Q

What do you do if there is a change in the position of an ET tube?

A

Listen to breath sounds

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19
Q

Mucus

A

Protective mechanism from the body to help trap dirt, particles, and bacteria

20
Q

What should the patient do if they are presenting exacerbation of emphysema?

A

Pursed lip breathing

21
Q

Surfactant

A

prevents the alveolar in the lungs from collapsing. Also allows for gas exchange to happen.

22
Q

Diseases involved in COPD

A

C.A.E

  • chronic bronchitis
  • asthma
  • emphysema
23
Q

How long should a patient be suctioned for?

A

10-15 seconds

24
Q

What is the first thing to fo when a patient is admitted for shortness of breath?

A

ASSESS

25
Q

Interstitial edema in the lungs

A

leads to thickened alveolar membranes;

  • which is alveolar filling up with fluid and failure of gas exchange to occur by diffusion across the membrane
26
Q

Changes that occur with aging that can affect the respiratory system are things like:

A

Weakened cough, kyphosis (hunchback), decrease in the body fluid and muscle weakness

27
Q

One way valves when used for trachs

A

are used with the intent to allow patients to speak

28
Q

Process of cleaning a tracheostomy

A
  • gather equip
  • position ppt
  • don PPE
  • Set up equip
  • don sterile gloves
  • Unlock and remove inner cannula
  • place cannula in sterile saline
  • cleanse
  • rinse
  • reinsert
29
Q

what are antibiotics used for?

A

to treat infections caused by bacteria

30
Q

what are obturators used for?

A

-to help guide the trach tube be inserted.

31
Q

when patient presents with epistaxis, patient should:

A

Avoid sneezing, rest until epistaxis threat is gone, and avoid rubbing the nose

32
Q

early sign of hypoxia

A

restlessness

33
Q

Treatments for TB

A
  • Induction phase
  • continuation phase
  • latent phase
34
Q

induction phase

A

-stops active cell division
-IRPE ( 2months)
iosonazide, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

35
Q

Continuation

A

to eliminate intracellular persisters

  • IR (4 months)
  • Isoniazide & Rifampin
36
Q

Latent phase

A

Isoniazide (6-9 months)

37
Q

D.O.T

A

Directly observed therapy

-a strategy used to help control and cure TB

38
Q

Bacterial pneumonia

A

Can show thick sputum that may be different coloe (greeN0

39
Q

Prednisone

A

glucocorticoid that can be used to treat the inflammatory component of asthma

40
Q

Symptoms that a patients presents when have active TB

A
  • progessive fatigue
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • weight loss
  • chronic productive cough
  • night sweats
  • low grade fever during the late afternoon
  • pleuritic chest pain
41
Q

Mechanisms of respirations

A

3 processes:
-1) ventilation: intake of air in and out due to change of pressure in chest cavity

2) Diffusion/perfusion: oxygen will go in through capillary wall to the capillaries from alveoli
3) cellular respiration

42
Q

Mechanisms that oxygen is transported in the blood

A
  • adequate perfusion
  • satisfactory diffusion
  • successful ventilation
43
Q

adequate perfusion

A

passage of blood through pulmonary vessels

44
Q

satisfactory diffusion

A

Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across alveolar capillary membrane

45
Q

Successful ventilation

A

exchange of air between alveolar spaces and the atmostphere

46
Q

What is the nerve that gets stimulated and allows for breathing to happen

A

phrenic nerve

adv. med surge. test 1 (1 decks)

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