Test 1

Question 1

What are the general sacraments?

Answer 1

Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Communion, Confession, Marriage, Holy Orders, Anointing of the Sick (Powerpoint L1 slide 3: L1.3)

Question 2

Define Baptism

Answer 2

Outward symbolic action of dying in Christ to New Life in Him (L1.3)

Question 3

Define Confirmation

Answer 3

membership (L1.3)

Question 4

Define Holy Communion

Answer 4

Eucharist, Lord’s Supper, The Elements (L1.3)

Question 5

Define Confession

Answer 5

Penance (L1.3)

Question 6

Define Holy Orders

Answer 6

Ordination (L1.3)

Question 7

Define ‘Anointing of the Sick’

Answer 7

Unction, Last Rites=Extreme Unction (L1.3)

Question 8

Name some examples of ways the ‘Sacramental’ practice may affect soldiers in TSA practically in life experiences. That is, where might soldiers of TSA come across experiences with the sacraments outside of the Army in the churches?

Answer 8

Soldiers may move to areas where there is no TSA and may choose to go to a church that offers communion;

Christian conferences by churches which soldiers may attend such as marriage conferences etc… may offer communion at some point in the service.

Officers, Soldiers and Local Officers may go to Catholic funerals (for advisory board members, politicians, community leaders, family members of such community leaders) where communion may be served.

Our Junior Soldiers may have parents who are not Salvationist and may take them to get baptized in the parent’s church.

Soldiers may go to funerals of their family or loved ones where communion is offered.

Question 9

What does the Army stand on the sacraments go back to?

Answer 9

Our belief goes back to Church History and The Bible

Question 10

What are the two sacraments adopted by most protestant churches?

Answer 10

Baptism & Communion (L1.4)

Question 11

What are three similarities between a ‘sacrament’ and an ‘ordinance’ according to Major Guest?

Answer 11

1. They are rites that Christ appointed (commanded).
2. They are a symbol of something that has taken place in the life of the believer.
3. They strengthen the faith of the believer.
   (L1.5&6)

Question 12

What is the major difference between a sacrament and an ordinance?

Answer 12

An ordinance does not give the grace that saves whereas a sacrament is actually believed to give the grace that saves. (L1.5&6)

Question 13

Define “Sacrament” according to Major Guest.

Answer 13

Outward rites that Christ appointed to be administered that confer God’s grace through receiving the sacraments. (L1.5&6)

Question 14

Define “Ordinance” according to Major Guest.

Answer 14

Outward rites that Christ appointed to be administered as visible signs of the saving truth of the gospel, signs that vividly express this truth and confirm it to the believer. (L1.5&6)

Question 15

What are the three groups (categories) of Scripture texts/readings on the Baptism/Communion issues?

Answer 15

1. Those that contain Christ’s commands.
2. Those that demonstrate early church usage.
3. Those that define what is true worship and service.
   (from 9/12/16 class notes w/ Major Guest)

Question 16

What is the Scripture reference to John’s Baptism?

Answer 16

Matthew 3:11-17 (L1.7)

Question 17

What was John’s baptism for?

Answer 17

an initiative; preliminary to the baptism of the Holy Spirit (unto repentance/as a public witness that the person being baptized was repenting of their sins and dedicating themselves to God in holiness in preparation for the Messiah, who would come after John, to baptize them in the Holy Ghost) (L1.7 & understanding of Matthew 3:11-17)

Question 18

Why was Jesus baptized according to Major Guest’s powerpoint? (that is if someone mistakenly is placing their faith in baptism as a part of salvation and points to Jesus being baptized as proof of the need for it, how might you explain why Jesus might really have been baptized since we know that the baptism that is mandatory to salvation is the baptism of the Holy Spirit and in no way replaceable by water baptism?)

Answer 18

Major Guest’s powerpoint? (that is if someone mistakenly is placing their faith in baptism as a part of salvation and points to Jesus being baptized as proof of the need for it, how might you explain why Jesus might really have been baptized since we know that the baptism that is mandatory to salvation is the baptism of the Holy Spirit and in no way replaceable by water baptism?)

1. Complete identification with the people - submission to custom to fulfill the law.
2. The start of a calling to carry sin.
3. The acknowledgement of the Father reigning in glory - later it would be a baptism of disgrace, shame and suffering - unto death itself

(L1.7)

Question 19

Matthew 28:19

Answer 19

The Great Commission - baptizing them in the name of…

Question 20

Mark 10:38

Answer 20

James and John, sons of Zebedee, request to sit at Jesus’ right and left hand in glory. Jesus speaks of baptism as one of shame and suffering, a spiritual significance, not a literal baptism

Question 21

13. What are the symbols of the Seder?

Answer 21

Candles, prayer of blessing
Four cups of wine (see Exodus 6:6-7):
Sanctification:  I will bring you out
Plagues:  I will free you from slavery
Redemption:  I will redeem you (the cup Jesus gave to the disciples)
Praise:  you will be my people

Question 22

14. Reasoning for no communion.

Answer 22

Communion had been the subject of division and confusion in the churches

• Practice a hindrance to evangelism; meetings had to be simple with a focus on changing lives
• Converts, initially sent to the churches, were often rejected, refused participation in the rite
• Question of the administration of the rite (lack of formal training; gender)
• Question of wine/grape juice for recently converted alcoholics

Question 23

Theological Reasons:

Answer 23

• Practice unnecessary to salvation and growth in spiritual life
• Salvation is by faith alone; a sacrament cannot save
• Temptation to spiritual security by means of a rite
• Influence of Quakers as non-sacramentalists
• Holiness of life as hallmark of indwelling Holy Spirit

Question 24

Scriptural Reasons:

Answer 24

Not mentioned in John; Last Supper emphasis was on servanthood and the Holy Spirit
The focus in Hebrews is on rites as ‘copies’ and ‘shadows’
Majority of epistles do not mention; their emphasis is on purity of heart and life rather than ritual

Question 25

Define Eucharist:

Answer 25

= thanksgiving (Jesus “gave thanks”) A means of remembering and expressing thanks for Jesus’ death and resurrection (“Do this in remembrance of me,” 1 Cor. 11:23-26) Also known as holy communion, the Lord’s Supper

Question 26

Define Transubstantiation:

Answer 26

Roman Catholic interpretation: During the administration of the Eucharist, the substance (but not the appearance) of the Communion bread and wine is transformed into the literal body and blood of Christ.

Question 27

Define Consubstantiation:

Answer 27

Martin Luther’s view, in reaction to transubstantiation: after the consecration, the substances (bread and wine, body and blood of Christ) co-exist in union with each other, united, yet each intact in itself.

Question 28

The Army’s Attitude Toward ‘The Sacraments’ Considered in the Light of Scripture

Answer 28

Abstain from attacking the beliefs and practices of the Churches Abstain not only from the practice of what are commonly known as Sacraments, but from any public discussion of the subject Scripture does not teach that these ceremonies are conditions of Salvation. Not necessary to our Faith What correct method of administration View that many see them as salvation Affect Salvationists internationally

Question 29

The Founders and the Sacraments

Answer 29

As an ordained Methodist minister, he administered the Sacraments (66). This continued into the Christian Mission and The Salvation Army - men and women Catherine Booth and GS Railton were concerned with a growing formalism – mere outward ritual. They brought their concern to Booth, who was ever the pragmatist Society of Friends (Quakers) demonstrated living a Christian life without sacraments Differing views and practices always caused disunity in the Church Administering by ‘priests’ contradicted the ‘priesthood of all believers.’ Women administering them would bring more problems Use of wine for Army converts

Question 30

Booth did not prevent soldiers from participating (68).

Answer 30

General Bramwell Booth stated, “Any soldier who declared a serious conviction in the matter and desired to participate – and this is still the law amongst us - could receive a recommendation to go to some other body for the purpose of partaking.” General Coutts stated, “There is nothing in our discipline which forbids either officer or soldier from sharing in the sacraments, though it is part of our teaching that the over-riding concern of Salvationists will be personally to experience that inward spiritual grace to which sacraments testify.”

Question 31

8 Apologetic Reasons

Answer 31

1. Exegetical – Bible is not consistent in having the sacrament as a command to be followed. 2. Testimonial – Historically, the Quakers did not practice sacraments. 3. Ecumenical – Avoid historical problems of administration as well as divisive talk. 4. Pragmatic – Was water or unfermented wine available. 5. Ecclesiological – Booth’s mission was not couched in church practices, rather, it was a new movement of God. 6. Theological – Booth’s message was the Blood of Christ and Holy-Spirit filled. 7. Teleophobia – fear of ritualism (religious ceremony) as a mere repetition lacking faith. 8. Militarism – Army in the salvation war with language, why need the sacraments

Question 32

Donald Dayton: Evangelical Roots of Feminism | 18th century

Answer 32

18th Century Evangelical Revival included: Rise of the laity in church life Personal interaction in small groups Innovation/experimentation (field preaching, etc.) Tested against scriptural exegesis Adam Clarke’s commentary on the Bible – “…equal rights, equal privileges, equal blessings, equally useful”

Question 33

Donald Dayton: Evangelical Roots of Feminism 19th century

Answer 33

19th Century American revivalism included: Charles G. Finney – women speak/pray in public Influence of Oberlin College Influence of the abolitionist movement Ex: Sarah Grimke – Letters on the Equality of the Sexes Jonathan Blanchard, B.T. Roberts, A.J. Gordon

Question 34

Donald Dayton: Evangelical Roots of Feminism | Salvation Army

Answer 34

The Salvation Army – “made the most progress” Nearly refused to marry over: “woman has a fibre more in the heart and a cell less in the brain” Catherine Booth in 1850’s: Female Ministry “…it is impossible to estimate the extent of the church’s loss, where prejudice and custom are allowed to render the outpouring of God’s spirit upon His handmaidens null and void.”

Question 35

“Female Ministry:” 9 arguments engaged

Answer 35

1.It is unbecoming for a woman to preach or teach in the church Response: she has eminent natural qualifications. 2. Fear that a woman will become ‘ambitious’ in a public position of authority. Response: to win souls for Jesus, “…would that the Lord’s people had more of this ambition.” 3.Female ministry is forbidden in the Word of God Response: I Corinthians 11:4-5; I Corinthians 14:3-4, 31 Consistent application of propriety in worship for both genders; teaching cannot be self-contradictory 4.Presence of Greek word lalein in I Cor. 14:3 Response: doesn’t mean ‘speak;’ rather it means ‘to babble, to pratter’ – improper, imprudent speech again, applicable to both genders. 5.Confined only to men Response: Acts 2 – Spirit falls upon all flesh EC ministry of prophesying falls also to women (citations in Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, Eusebius) 6.Scripture in context: I Cor. 14:34 and I Tim. 2:11-12 Response: I Cor = equally commanded; I Tim = propriety in the home consistent with directions for worship Consistent exegesis & application is required 7.It is beyond the accepted role: unnecessary for women to preach/teach, for they have other work to do Response: inconsistent with scripture (I Samuel 2:30; Joel 2:28, for example) 8.The record of Scripture includes: Deborah, Huldah, Miriam in the Old Testament Anna, Mary, the daughters of Philip, Phoebe, Priscilla, Tryphena, Tryphosa, Persis, the women at the tomb in the New Testament 9.“Now, if the Word of God forbids female ministry, we would ask how it happens that so many of the most devoted handmaidens of the Lord have felt themselves constrained by the Holy Ghost to exercise it? Surely there must be some mistake somewhere, for the Word and the Spirit cannot contradict each other.”

Question 36

Major Joann Shade: Biblical Equality | 3 principles found in paradigm developed by Christians for Biblical Equality:

Answer 36

1. Human equality: all are equal before God and at home, at church, in society 2. Equal responsibility: membership, ministry, and mission are open to all 3. Mutual submission: Christian love in action, treating each person with dignity

Question 37

Major Joann Shade: Biblical Equality | The challenge before us includes:

Answer 37

1. Embrace our imperative of biblical equality 2. Invest in continued development of women 3. Movement toward repentance and reconciliation 4. An awakening and an arising – using our power to affect change

Question 38

Active Salvation Army Women Officers say:

Answer 38

Challenges faced as an Officer include: Ministering from the source of an unhealthy soul Ministry driven by an addiction to approval Ignoring my own physical/emotional needs Entangled in the deadly game of comparison Having to minister for an extended length of time outside my area of giftedness”